南沙海域主要盆地地质特征与油气分布

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2018.01.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在广泛调研国内外相关研究成果的基础上，利用地震、重力、磁法、电法资料最新处理与研究成果，结合新近收集的国外地质分析化验资料，系统总结了南沙海域主要盆地构造演化、沉积充填、油气地质条件、油气分布特征等。研究认为南沙海域新生代经历了三大构造演化阶段、两大成盆期，发育4组断裂系统，控盆断裂分带性明显，发育3类盆地群；三大古水系控制了南沙海域新生代沉积体系展布，新生界主要发育海相、湖泊相、三角洲相、沼泽相和碳酸盐台地相及生物礁相，伴随古南海消亡和新南海扩张，不同盆地经历了陆相-海陆过渡相-海相的沉积演化；主要发育3套烃源岩，以湖相泥岩、海陆过渡相泥岩、碳质泥岩和煤层为主；主要发育3套储层，主力储层是中新统砂岩和礁灰岩；主要发育滨浅海相碳酸盐岩、海陆过渡相碎屑岩、海相碎屑岩3套生储盖组合。大中型油气田分布具有外带砂岩富油气、内带碳酸盐岩富气的特点；油气分布不仅在纵向上具有分层性，而且在横向上具有分段性。南沙海域资源潜力巨大，主要盆地累计石油地质资源量201×10⁸t，天然气地质资源量32.4×10¹²m³。

关键词: 构造演化, 沉积特征, 油气地质条件, 分布规律

Abstract: Based on previous studies, the latest processing and interpretation results of seismic, gravity, magnetic and electdrical data and the latest collection of foreign geochemical data, the tectonic evolution, sedimentation, geological conditions and distribution characteristics of reservoirs in major sedimentary basins in Nansha sea areas were summarized. The study indicates that the Cenozoic Nansha sea areas generally experienced three tectonic evolution stages and two basining periods during which four fault systems and three types of basin groups were devloped with obvious basin-controlling fault zones; three ancient river systems in South China Sea controlled the distribution of the Cenozoic sedimentary systems in Nansha sea areas where marine, lacustrine, delta, swamp, carbonate platform and organic reef facies were developed, and as the ancient South China Sea disappeared and the modern South China Sea expanded, sedimentary evolution took place from continental to transitional to marine facies in different types of basins; three sets of hydrocarbon source rocks were identifed, Which include lacustrine and transitional mudstones, carbonaceous shale and coal seams; three sets of reservoirs were identified wich the main reservoir of Miocene sandstone and reef limestone; three sets of source-reservoir-caprock systems were found, mainly shore-shallow marine carbonate rock, transitional clastic rock and marine clastic rock. Large and medium oil & gas fields in Nansha sea areas are characterized by rich oil and gas in outer sandstone reservoirs and rich gas in inner carbonate reservoirs, and the oil and gas distribution shows vertical zoning and horizontal segmenting. Nansha sea areas possess huge potentials of oil and gas resources-the accumulated initially in place resources of oil and gas are 201×10⁸t and 32.4×10¹²m³, respectively.

Key words: tectonic evolution, sedimentary characteristics, reservoir geological conditions, law of distribution

中图分类号:

张厚和, 刘鹏, 廖宗宝, 赫栓柱, 徐庆梅, 朱筱敏, 漆家福, 杨明慧. 南沙海域主要盆地地质特征与油气分布[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2018, 23(1): 62-70.

Zhang Houhe, Liu Peng, Liao Zongbao, He Shuanzhu, Xu Qingmei, Zhu Xiaomin, Qi Jiafu, Yang Minghui. Geological characteristics and hydrocarbon distribution in major sedimentary basins in Nansha sea areas[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2018, 23(1): 62-70.

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