Challenges and countermeasures of well logging data acquisition technology in unconventional petroleum exploration and development

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2021.05.003

Abstract

Abstract: The petroleum exploration in most of the domestic petroliferous basins has entered or will step into the stage of unconventional oil and gas exploration and development. The wireline logging technologies should be promoted to meet the development trend timely and effectively. The current situation, challenges and new requirement of logging technology in China are systematically analyzed by considering the characteristics of unconventional reservoir, oil and gas reservoir and engineering conditions. Finally, development countermeasures are proposed in detail by benchmarking international leading logging technology, which are: (1) Improve the performances of conventional wireline logging tools. The high-precision, high-resolution and high-safety conventional logging tools should be developed and put into production, with vertical resolution of 5-10 cm, density logging accuracy of 0.01-0.015 g/cm³. The high-yield controllable neutron tube technology will enable the safe density and neutron logging without radioactive source. (2) Develop high-performance imaging logging technology. Firstly, focus on the technology of 2D NMR logging with short echo interval (no more than 0.3 ms), high vertical resolution (about 10 cm), high signal-to-noise ratio (more than 8), and simultaneous detection of longitudinal and transverse relaxation; Secondly, research fi ne calculation of mineral compositions and accurate determination of fl uid properties applicable for tight reservoirs, such as the full spectrum of elements, multi frequency dielectric log, downhole real-time fl uid analysis and pressure measurement tools, and horizontal well multiphase fl ow imaging logging technology; Thirdly, promote 3D acoustic logging technology with the capabilities of fi ne azimuth resolution and ultra-far detection to describe the stratigraphic structure near the borehole of horizontal well, fault system, and spatial distribution of hydraulic fractures. (3) Speed up the research on high-performance through-pipe logging tools. The logging items should include conventional logging, electric imaging logging and array acoustic logging. The element full spectrum logging should gradually be supplemented, with its data accuracy and vertical resolution consistent with those of wireline logging data. The density and neutron logging tools should adopt miniaturized, high-yield and controllable neutron tube technology. The miniaturization of NMR logging should be enhanced to develop through-pipe NMR logging with its technical performance matching with that of wireline logging. (4) Emphasize the research on near bit and far-detection edge LWD technology. First is to establish a complete LWD logging series including GR and resistivity azimuth imaging logging, with the distance of less than 1 m between the detection point and drill bit; Second is azimuth far-detection edge technology with radial detection range of 20-30 m and azimuth resolution of at least 90°; Third is the forward-looking detection technology that can distinguish the formation interface or fault more than 5 m in front of the bit.

CLC Number:

P631.82

Liu Guoqiang. Challenges and countermeasures of well logging data acquisition technology in unconventional petroleum exploration and development[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021, 26(5): 24-37.

References

[1] 刘嘉，张焕芝，杨金华，等．全球油气勘探开发形势及技术发展趋势[J]. 世界石油工业，2019,26(6):6-11. Liu Jia, Zhang Huanzhi, Yang Jinhua, et al . Global petroleum E & P and technology development outlook[J]. World Petroleum Industry, 2019,26(6):6-11.
[2] 蔡勋育，刘金连，赵培荣，等．中国石化油气勘探进展与上游业务发展战略[J]. 中国石油勘探，2020,25(1):11-19. Cai Xunyu, Liu Jinlian, Zhao Peirong, et al . Oil and gas exploration progress and upstream development strategy of Sinopec[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020,25(1):11-19.
[3] 谢玉洪，蔡东升，孙晗森．中国海油非常规气勘探开发一体化探索与成效[J]. 中国石油勘探，2020,25(2):27-32. Xie Yuhong, Cai Dongsheng, Sun Hansen. Exploring and the effect of exploration and development integration in unconventional gas of CNOOC[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020,25(2):27-32.
[4] 赵文智，贾爱林，位云生，等．中国页岩气勘探开发进展及发展展望[J]. 中国石油勘探，2020,25(1):31-44. Zhao Wenzhi, Jia Ailin, Wei Yunsheng, et al . Progress in shale gas exploration in China and prospects for future development[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020,25(1): 31-44.
[5] 许坤，郑冬冬，林爽．促进中国油气勘探开发对策探讨[J]. 石油科技论坛，2019,38(6):6-14. Xu Kun, Zheng Dongdong, Lin Shuang. Discussion of countermeasures for promotion of China’s oil and gas exploration and development[J]. Oil Forum, 2019,38(6):6-14.
[6] 杜金虎，胡素云，庞正炼，等．中国陆相页岩油类型、潜力及前景[J]. 中国石油勘探，2019,24(5):560-568. Du Jinhu, Hu Suyun, Pang Zhenglian, et al . The types, potentials and prospects of continental shale oil in China[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2019,24(5):560-568.
[7] 杨雷，金之钧．全球页岩油发展及展望[J]. 中国石油勘探，2019, 24(5):553-559. Yang Lei, Jin Zhijun. Global shale oil development and prospects[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2019,24(5):553-559.
[8] 潘继平．非常规天然气资源开发政策困境及对策建议[J]. 石油科技论坛，2019,38(1):1-7. Pan Jiping. Policy dilemma of unconventional natural gas resources development and suggestions on countermeasures[J]. Oil Forum, 2019,38(1):1-7.
[9] 赵政璋，杜金虎．非常规油气资源现实的勘探开发领域：致密油气[M]. 北京：石油工业出版社，2012. Zhao Zhengzhang, Du Jinhu. Exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas resources: tight oil and gas [M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2012.
[10] 赵文智，胡素云，侯连华，等．中国陆相页岩油类型、资源潜力及与致密油的边界[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2020,47(1):1-10. Zhao Wenzhi, Hu Suyun, Hou Lianhua, et al . Types and resource potential of continental shale oil in China and its boundary with tight oil[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2020,47(1):1-10.
[11] 胡素云，赵文智，侯连华，等．中国陆相页岩油发展潜力与技术对策，石油勘探与开发[J]. 2020,47(4):819-828. Hu Suyun, Zhao Wenzhi, Hou Lianhua, et al . Development potential and technical strategy of continental shale oil in China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2020,47(4): 819-828.
[12] 李国欣，朱如凯．中国石油非常规油气发展现状、挑战与关注问题[J]. 中国石油勘探，2020,25(2):1-13. Li Guoxin, Zhu Rukai. Progress, challenges and key issues of unconventional oil and gas development of CNPC[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020,25(2):1-13.
[13] 杜金虎．中国陆相致密油[M]. 北京：石油工业出版社，2017. Du Jinhu. Continental tight oil in China [M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2017.
[14] 刘国强，李长喜．陆相致密油岩石物理特征与测井评价方法[M]. 北京：科学出版社，2019. Liu Guoqiang, Li Changxi. Petrophysical characteristics and logging evaluation method of continental tight oil [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2019.
[15] 党瑞荣，秦瑶，谢雁，等．三分量感应测井系统研究[J]. 石油地球物理勘探，2006,41(4):484-488. Dang Ruirong, Qin Yao, Xie Yan, et al . Study on three component induction logging system[J]. Oil Geophysical Exploration, 2006,41(4):484-488.
[16] 郭晨，陈晓亮，卢圣鹏，等．基于三维有限差分方法的三分量感应测井正演模拟[J]. 科学技术与工程.2018,18(34):22-28. Guo Chen, Chen Xiaoliang, Lu Shengpeng, et al . Forward modeling for three-component induction logging using 3D finite difference method[J]．Science Technology and Engineering. 2018,18(34):22-28.
[17] 袁超，周灿灿．基于伽马能谱的元素测井发展历程及技术展望[J]. 地球物理学进展，2014,29(4):1867-1872. Yuan Chao, Zhou Cancan. Development process and technology prospect of element logging based on gamma ray spectroscopy[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2014,29(4):1867-1872.
[18] 张锋，刘军涛，冀秀文，等．地层元素测井技术最新进展及其应用[J]. 同位素，2011,24( 增刊1):21-28. Zhang Feng, Liu Juntao, Ji Xiuwen, et al . Development of formation element logging technique and its application[J]. Journal of Isotopes, 2011,24(S1):21-28.
[19] 岳爱忠，王树声，何绪新，等．FEM 地层元素测井仪研制[J]. 测井技术，2013,37(4):411-416. Yue Aizhong, Wang Shusheng, He Xuxin, et al . Development of formation element and mineralogy logging tool[J]. Well Logging Technology, 2013,37(4):411-416.
[20] 童茂松，曹宇欣，孙旭光，等．多模式过钻杆测井系统设计与现场应用[J]. 测井技术，2020,44(5):453-456. Tong Maosong, Cao Yuxin, Sun Xuguang, et al . Design and application of multi-mode drill-pipe logging system[J]. Well Logging Technology, 2020,44(5):453-456.
[21] 钟光海，陈丽清，廖茂杰，等．页岩气储层品质测井综合评价[J]. 天然气工业，2020,40(2):54-60. Zhong Guanghai, Chen Liqing, Liao Maojie, e t a l . A comprehensive logging evaluation method of shale gas reservoir quality[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2020, 40(2): 54-60.
[22] 仰云峰，鲍芳，腾格尔，等．四川盆地不同成熟度下志留统龙马溪组页岩有机孔特征[J]. 石油实验地质，2020,42(3):388-397. Y a n g Y u n f e n g , B a o F a n g , B o r j i g i n T e n g e r , e t a l . Characteristics of organic matter-hosted pores in Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale with different maturities，Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2020,42(3):388-397.
[23] 葸克来，李克，操应长，等．鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长73 亚段富有机质页岩纹层组合与页岩油富集模式[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2020, 47(6):1244-1255. Xi Kelai, Li Ke, Cao Yingchang, et al . Laminae combination a n d s h a l e o i l e n r i c h m e n t p a t t e r n s o f Cha n g 7 3 s u bmemberorganic- rich shales in the Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2020,47(6):1244-1255.
[24] 邹才能，杨智，崔景伟，等．页岩油形成机制、地质特征及发展对策[J]．石油勘探与开发．2013,40(1):14-26． Zou Caineng, Yang Zhi, Cui Jingwei, et al . Formation mechanism, geological characteristics and development strategy of nonmarine shale oil in China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2013,40(1):14-26.
[25] 董明哲，李亚军．页岩油流动的储层条件和机理[J]. 石油与天然气地质，2019,40(3):636-644. Dong Mingzhe, Li Yajun. Reservoir conditions and mechanism of shale oil flow[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2019,40(3):636-644.
[26] 卢双舫，薛海涛，王民，等．页岩油评价中的若干关键问题及研究趋势[J]. 石油学报，2016,37(10):1309-1322. Lu Shuangfang, Xue Haitao, Wang Min, et al . Several key issues and research trends in evaluation of shale oil[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2016,37(10):1309-1322.
[27] 童茂松，张加举．0.2m 高分辨率双侧向测井仪器信号幅度仿真[J]. 石油管材与仪器，2019,5(4):19-22. Tong Maosong, Zhang Jiaju. Signal amplitude analysis of 0.2m-vertical-resolution dual laterolog tool[J]. Petroleum Tubular Goods and Instruments, 2019,5(4):19-22.
[28] 李潮流，袁超，李霞，等．致密砂岩电学各向异性测井评价与声电各向异性一致性分析[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2020,47(2):427-434. Li Chaoliu, Yuan Chao, Li Xia, et al . Anisotropy interpretation and the coherence research between resistivity and acoustic anisotropy in tight sands[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2020,47(2):427-434.
[29] Kausik R, Fellah K, Rylander E, et al . NMR relaxometry in shale and implications for logging[J]. Petrophysics.2016, 57(4):339.
[30] Vivek Anand, Mansoor Rampurawala Ali. New generation NMR tool from robust, continuous T 1 and T 2 measurements[C]. SPWLA 56th Annual Logging Symposium, 2015.
[31] Wharton R P, Hazen G A. Electromagnetic propagation logging: advance in technique and interpretation[C]. USA: SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition.
[32] Craddock P R, Herron S L. Hydrocarbon saturation from total organic carbon logs derived from inelastic and capture nuclear spectroscopy[R]. New Orleans, Louisiana, USA: SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, 2013.
[33] 魏周拓，唐晓明，苏远大，等．利用井中低频偶极横波进行声波远探测的新方法[J]. 地球物理学报，2013,56(10):3573-3580. Wei Zhoutuo, Tang Xiaoming, Su Yuanda, et al . A new acoustic remote sensing method utilizing borehole low-frequency dipole shear wave[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2013, 56(10): 3573-3580.
[34] Zhang Gong, Li Ning, Guo Hongwei, et al . Fracture identification based on remote detection acoustic reflection logging[J]. Applied Geophysics, 2015,12(4):473-481.