Chemical characteristics and genesis and evolution of formation water in the Middle Permian Maokou Formation, central Sichuan Basin

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2024.06.009

Abstract

Abstract: There are multiple large-scale lithologic type gas reservoirs in the Middle Permian Maokou Formation in central Sichuan Basin, which is one of the major field for increasing reserves and production in Sichuan Basin. In view of the unclear genesis and evolution of formation water, as well as gas–water distribution pattern in Maokou Formation, a comprehensive study is conducted on experimental tests, well drilling, logging, seismic interpretation, and production performance data, which enables to systematically analyze the chemical characteristics of formation water, identify the origin, genesis and evolution, and further discuss the characteristics of gas–water distribution.The results show that formation water in Maokou Formation in central Sichuan Basin is CaCl₂ type, with a total salinity of 38.3–62.0 g/L, saltwater-brine type, and the main anion and cation of Cl^- and Na⁺. Maokou Formation in this area has good sealing capacity, which may have experienced short-period atmospheric precipitation and leaching. In addition, the formation water experienced high concentration and metamorphism, as well as intensive water-rock reactions, resulting in the development of secondary pores in the reservoir, which was a favorable zone for hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. The original formation water showed typical marine-derived formation water,and underwent water-rock reactions such as calcite cementation, dolomitization, and dissolution in addition to evaporation and concentration. After mixed with atmospheric freshwater, mudstone and clay mineral pressure release water, the common cation exchange adsorption occurred at varying degrees. The genesis and evolution of formation water were well correlated with reservoir diagenesis and natural gas migration, accumulation and preservation. In the study area, formation water has two distribution patterns, namely displacement residual water in the isolated fractured-cavity system and local edge–bottom water in layered reservoirs, with limited scale and energy of water bodies, and the water production is controllable in gas wells. The achievements provide theoretical support for accelerating the process of natural gas exploration and development of Maokou Formation, and seeking for replacement fields for increasing reserves and production on a large scale.

Key words: formation water, ionic composition, genesis and evolution, gas–water distribution, Maokou Formation, central Sichuan Basin

CLC Number:

TE122.113

Xu Shiyu, Zeng Yiyang, Lin Yi, Zhu Yi, Xiao Xuewei, Li Tianjun, Shan Shujiao, Ma Zike. Chemical characteristics and genesis and evolution of formation water in the Middle Permian Maokou Formation, central Sichuan Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2024, 29(6): 116-129.

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