Abstract: To avoid the decision-making risk and boost exploration results, the exploration plan can be brought under scientific management in three areas. First of all, the scientific properties of the plan should be stressed on the basis of strengthening the study of target optimization. The resources assessment in the related fields should be boosted so as to formulate the exploration plan on the scientific basis. The basic study for the plan should be conducted at various levels to locate the exploration targets for the exploration plan. The study of economic assessment for oil and gas exploration should be strengthened to solve the economic feasibility of the exploration plan and optimization of the plan. Secondly, the exploration plan should be based on the reasonable process so as to increase the possibility to fulfill the exploration targets. The reasonable formulation process of the exploration plan can promote combination between exploration plan and production. Target optimization in the exploration plan can further boost the effectiveness in implementation of the exploration plan. Thirdly, the exploration plan should be based on optimization of investment structure in order to ensure a long-term development of exploration work. Optimization of the investment structure for the exploration plan should take into account both the near-term and long-term development of exploration work. Such efforts will not only fulfill the annual reserves task and raise the grade of reserves for a higher exploration performance but also set the targets for strategic unfolding, strategic breakthrough and strategic preparation at the next stage.