The Mesozoic volcanic rocks are the major reservoirs for the deep-buried gas in Songliao Basin. Comprehensive study shows that the formation of high-quality reservoir of Mesozoic volcanic rocks in Songliao Basin is controlled by lithology, lithofacies, fracture and diagenesis. The top of the flood facies, fracture-developed acidic explosive facies are the major development area of high-quality reservoirs. The volcanic lithology which controls the growth of pore is thought as the basis for the formation of high-quality reservoirs. The comparative studies on physical properties of different volcanic lithology indicate the acidic volcanic rocks are preponderant type of reservoir rocks. Awhole and independent volcanic edifice is composed of volcanic conduit facies, flood facies, explosive facies, extrusive facies and volcano sedimentary facies from core to edge. Acomparative analysis illustrates that the volcanic lithofacies control distribution of high-quality reservoirs in independent volcanic edifice and explosive facies and the top of flood facies around volcanic crater are favorable zone for reservoirs. Deep fractures, which not only betterment filtering conditions of seepage flow, but also impel growth of secondary pores, are important pathways for deep fluids, and key factors for buildup of gas pool with high production. Besides, the highangle fractures densely developed are easy to form favorable reservoir zones with the assemblage of high-angle fractures and dissolution pores. Based on above conclusion, there are 272 volcanic edifices comprehensively identified in whole basin on the basis of seismic data and so on, with first class of 127, second class of 96 and third class of 49, which provided the basis for exploration deployment.

The growth trend of proved oil reserves in key zones (northwestern margin, hinterland, and eastern part) of Junggar Basin was predicted for the first time, using òthe system for predicting oil and gas reserves growthó (HCZ model). The northwestern margin has the longest exploration history and the highest proved degree, of which the reserves growth peak was in 1992 with corresponding proved ratio being 31.3%. Till 2055, the proved ratio will reach 76.4%, and now the zone is at the late stage of reserves growth peak. Hinterland and eastern part have shorter history, which started submitting proved reserves in 1995 and 1987 respectively. Till 2010, the proved ratios of both zones were 11.2% and 13.4% separately. They were both at early stage of exploration, and reserves growth peak will show in 2023 and 2025, with respective proved ratio being 23.76% and 28.32%. The proved ratios will reach 61.2% and 68.77% till 2094 and 2086 separately. Based on reserves growth prediction, this paper analyzed the exploration potential and prospect of above zones in terms of resources exploration status, factors influencing reserves growth, and reservation conditions of traps, etc. It was regarded that the northwestern margin has entered into high-maturity stage of exploration, and it would approximate the peak of reserves growth by the end of the ò12th Five-Year Planóperiod. Meanwhile, the hinterland and the eastern part will show a new round of reserves growth trend, both of which will counteract the descending trend of the northwestern margin and keep stable growth of reserves in the Basin

Shawan Formation is a set of favorable oil-bearing series in Chepaizi area in the west of Junggar Basin, which is classified into three oil-bearing strata vertically with different sedimentary characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation conditions. The first member of Shawan Formation is a progradational braided-river delta deposition, of which paleo-provenance system and ancient landform play an important role in the development of its sedimentary distribution and physical properties. The second member of Shawan Formation is beach-bar sandbodies deposition, of which the deposition, filling, modification, and selectivity are greatly influenced by paleogeographic environment such as paleowave and paleodepositional base-level. The third member of Shawan Formation is a set of stable mudstone deposition. It can be used as a regional seal, and protect hydrocarbon accumulation for the first member and the second member well. Major control factors include hydrocarbon source rock condition, migration pathways, preservation conditions, and accumulation models. Based on above research, this paper comprehensively predicted the favorable oil distribution areas by analyzing the variation of seismic attributes restricted by geological conditions. It has proved thin oil reserves of 1500 × 104t, heavy oil reserves of 5128 × 104t by drilling, and built 82 × 104t annual production capacity.

Eastern Baiyun Deepwater Area, located at eastern deepwater area in Baiyun Sag of Zhu II Depression in Pearl River Mouth Basin, is a multiple hydrocarbon generation and accumulation area where three sets of effective source rocks, Wenchang, Enping and Zhuhai formation, early Miocene sand-rich deepwater fan, late Oligocene continental shelf shallow water deltaic reservoir-cap assemblage and structural-lithologic traps, have developed. Based on oil-source correlation of biomarkers and light hydrocarbons data from crude oils, it was concluded that the crude oil and condensate oils in LW3-1 and LH34-2 traps and the condensate oil in LH29-1 gas reservoir mainly generated from Enping Formation source rock in main subsag of Baiyun sag, however, the crude oils from LH29-1 and LH16-2 oil reservoirs mainly generated from Enping Formation source rock in eastern subsag of Baiyun sag, with some contribution of oil generating from Zhuhai Formation source rock. Natural gas is mainly generated by kerogen-cracked gas from Enping Formation source rock in main subsag of Baiyun sag, with the contribution of oil-cracked gas from Wenchang Formation source rock. There are two stages of hydrocarbon accumulation in Eastern Baiyun deepwater area, with the early stage characterized by oil accumulation and late stage by gas and condensate oil. Yuehai period to present is the main accumulation period in Eastern Baiyun deepwater areas. Some oil reservoirs in low uplifts have undergone gas washing. Five fault zones and some fluid diapers developed in Eastern Baiyun deepwater area constitute important vertical migration pathway systems. Regional sandstone, unconformable surface and structural ridge are lateral pathways. They controlled the location of effective source kitchen, the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation together.

The south of Bohai Sea has complex fault systems for multi-stage structure movement. Based on the distribution and evolution of faults, the relationship between fault and hydrocarbon accumulation in southern Bohai Sea was discussed. The result showed that strike-slip of the early Oligocene controlled the subsidence center in southern Bohai Sea and changed east-west trend extension structure frame of the Eocene. The strike-slip movement from late Oligocene to Quaternary formed the traps of Neocene. To date, oil and gas fields concentrated in the north-east trend structure. In future, east-west trend extension traps of the Eocene should be important exploration targets, which have favorable conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation as near-source and inheritance structure

There are abundant unconventional oil and gas resources in China, and they feature in multiple reservoir types, low porosity, and low permeability. At present, some unconventional geophysical techniques are mainly used for exploration, such as the crack detection technique, the seismic attributes and inversion techniques. Because the lithological characteristics and reservoir accumulation conditions are more complicated, the application of conventional geophysical exploration techniques is difficult, for example, rock physics analysis is single relatively, conventional seismic imaging techniques could not meet the demand of exploration, and reservoir modeling is simple, etc. Now a series of new techniques and new methods have been initially applied to unconventional oil and gas exploration, for instance, million-channel seismograph and digital geophone are applied to acquisition, wave equation prestack reverse time migration techniques are applied to imaging, and full-waveform inversion techniques are used for constructing accurate velocity field, etc. At last, this paper put forward some suggestions for speeding up the development of Chinese unconventional oil and gas geophysical exploration techniques in terms of hardware and software facilities, research on new technical methods and their application

Provided that sedimentary facies modeling based on two-point geostatistics is unable to present complex space relationship of multiple microfacies, in this paper multiple-points geostatistics is introduced to the 3D braided river sedimentary facies model of Block SU49-01 of Sulige gas field. The geologic element and space contact relationships of different microfacies of braided river is established through comprehensive analysis of all kinds of materials including seismic attributes, outcrop observation, geological understanding of similar sedimentary environment in dense well net block and related literature material, and then the 3D braided channel microfacies training image of 8th lower member of Shihezi Formation is made.With the hard data of well point microfacies interpretation and soft data of P-sonic impedance, three-dimensional microfacies model is created with the method of multiple-point geostatistics constrained with seismic data. Integrating geological model and seismic data, the sedimentary facies model built with multiple-point geostatistics reflects the sedimentary microfacies space distribution in braided river more accurately, which provides a new measurement to predict the distribution of effective sand-body and has a guiding significance for gas development at Sulige gas field

With the background of high crude price, acquiring the oil & gas fields with huge reserves is getting more and more difficult, and the associated risk is growing higher and higher for Chinese oil companies. Oversea petroleum exploration plays an important role in the business of petroleum companies: acquiring exploration blocks and making oil and gas discoveries is one of the economical ways to get reserves for petroleum companies, which saves the huge transaction costs of buying reserves from other companies. Five things should be done in the development of petroleum exploration ventures: excellent judgment of development trends for global petroleum industry, forward appraisal of investment environment in petroleum-hosting countries, global petroleum resource assessment, clear corporate business development strategies, and prudent technical and economic assessment of oversea petroleum exploration blocks. The study in the above five aspects is key to improve the competitive capabilities in acquiring oversea petroleum blocks for Chinese petroleum companies.

The East Niger Basin, which belongs to western section of Central Western Africa Rift System (WCARS), is a Mesozoic- Cenozoic rift basin developed on the Precambrian-Jurassic crystallized basement. It is characterized by a great transgression in the Late Cretaceous, and the superimposition of the Early Cretaceous and Paleogene rifting. The Paleogene assemblage is the main play that developed on the widely distributed marine source rocks of Late Cretaceous. Several foreign oil companies have made extensive exploration in the East Niger Basin since 1970, and commercial oil was encountered in the Dinga faulted terrace. CNPC started hydrocarbon exploration in the Termit Depression in June 2008. In order to discover more additional oil reserves within a short time span, how to evaluate and to map out quickly the potential petroleum fairways was the main challenge for Chinese explorationists. The Araga slope, standing opposite to the Dinga faulted terrace, was eventually considered as one of the most potential exploration trends based on a fully petroleum migration and accumulation study. Consequently, theWell Dibeilla-1 was proposed and optimized to test the Dibeilla prospect, which came out as a great discovery. Taking into account for the subsequent drilling of the Well Dibeilla N-1 and Well Admer-1, approximately 90 million tons of OOIP were estimated under Dibeilla structural zone. The success of the Well Dibeilla-1 brought about the naissance of a new petroleum accumulation zone after the Dinga faulted terrace in the Termit Depression. Moreover, it showed a bright future of the exploration in the adjacent Block Bilma.

East African rift system belongs to comparatively new intracontinental rift basin group. Albert rift is located in the north of the west branch of East African rift system. Since 2006, 16 oil and gas fields have been discovered here, with total recoverable reserves being 1.127 billion bbl. Through dissection of Albert rift basin, it is pointed out that East African rift system is a rift basin Mesozoic and Caenozoic era overlay. Among this, Caenozoic era is the main rift phase and filled with continental river and lacustrine deposit. Combination of alluvial fan---fan (braid river) delta---turbidite sand deposit system developed in peripheral lake basins, featuring in rapid deposition and change of facies and belts. Drilling results proved that the rift system had favorable petroliferous conditions, with development of high-quality Neocene Miocene lake source rock and good reservoir property. It is dominated by braid river delta and fan delta front subfacies channel deposit. All oil and gas discovered concentrate in faulted blocks and faulted-nose traps. It is seismically indicated that turbidite sand reservoir might be formed here. Analogy analysis showed that Albert rift has 4～5billion bbl resources at least, and the rifts southward have huge exploration potential. The east branch of the rift system deserves attention, even though volcanic rock developed here.

The sedimentary environment of Eocene and Oligocene is braid river delta with similar rock constituents, but the reservoir characteristics vary a lot. According to the petrographic microscope examinations, well and geochemical data analysis, diagenesis and porosity evolution difference between Eocene and Oligocene in Shwebo Basin is discussed. Research shows that diagenesis evolution sequence especially the carbonate cementation time in sandstones, late structure compression effect on porosity, the match of tectonic uplift and acidic atmospheric water dissolution lead to the great difference between Eocene and Oligocene. From diagenesis evolution and structure compression effect, Oligocene had undergone large carbonate cementation before complete compaction, and even has large non-dissoluted carbonate cements till now, which made some grain basally cemented. Some pores were packed with early cementation, but the compaction was impeded greatly. Moreover, early cementation laid physical basis for the formation of secondary pores at late stage. Eocene was also compacted by late regional structure, besides gravitational compaction from overburden sediments, which destroyed primary porosity heavily. From structural uplift and acidic atmospheric water dissolution, the compressional movement of late Oligocene lifted the Oligocene strata up. Grain-to-grain calcite cement had been dissoluted by acidic atmospheric water which resulted in the formation of a lot of secondary pores. Besides, Paleogene reservoir diagenesis of Well A in Shwebo Basin is firstly researched. It is during the middle diagenetic A1 and A2 stages, which is good for protecting secondary pores.

Through comparing the coal bearing basins in Daqing exploration area and those successfully developed in the United States, on the basis of in-depth analysis about the characteristics of CBM resources, this paper put forward the measures for comprehensive utilization of CBM resources in Daqing exploration area: stressing new idea in terms of exploration target selection and promoting five transformations, i.e. òthe orientating of research targets is transformed from coalfield geology to coal-derived gas geology; the method for target selection is transformed from geological results to integrated ones; the selecting of resource types is transformed from CBM to coal-derived gas; the determination of hole pattern is transformed from single well to well group; the evaluation on overall profits is transformed from industrial air stream into commercial valueó, pursuing accurate selection and reasonable implementation of òdessertó CBM resource targets; focusing on new techniques for the implementation of related projects and intensifying five applications, i.e. the technique for òwide-azimuth, wide-band, and high-densityóseismic prediction of coal bed, the multi-way drilling and completion technique, the multi-method technique for comprehensive evaluation of gas layers, the multi-parameter lab analysis technique, and the simple highefficiency fracturing and drainage technique, to satisfy objective evaluation and efficient exploration and mining of CBM resources; laying emphasis on new mechanism for production, operation and management and exploring practice in five aspects, i.e. òlow-cost projects, integrative model, oil and coal combination, foreign cooperation, and operation of small companiesó, so as to maximize the benefits of comprehensive use of CBM resources in an all-round way.