海陆相页岩型页岩油地质特征的差异与甜点评价——以北美二叠盆地Wolfcamp D页岩油与松辽盆地古龙页岩油为例

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2023.04.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 全球页岩油技术可采资源量为2512×10⁸t，2021年页岩层系原油累计产量达3.9×10⁸t，已成为全球油气勘探开发的重要领域之一。根据地质条件和沉积特征，中国陆相页岩层系储层“甜点”分为夹层型、混积型与页岩型3类，其中夹层型、混积型已是国内外页岩油勘探开发主体。近期，页岩型页岩油也实现了勘探突破，但急需深化甜点评价，为实现效益开发提供依据。因此，文章尝试以北美二叠盆地海相石炭系Wolfcamp D段和松辽盆地古龙陆相白垩系青山口组两套页岩型页岩油地质特征对比为基础，探讨页岩型页岩油甜点评价关键指标，为中国陆相页岩型页岩油勘探开发提供借鉴。对比认为两套页岩岩性均以高黏土矿物、高石英的长英质页岩和黏土质页岩为主，具有地层超压、油质偏轻且脆性矿物含量较高的相近地质特征；但古龙页岩储集空间为与大量黏土矿物相关的有机质孔—页理缝复合的双重空间，连通性较Wolfcamp D段页岩好，有机碳丰度则略低于Wolfcamp D段页岩。Wolfcamp D页岩油地质甜点为有机碳丰度较高的黏土质泥页岩和硅质泥页岩，结合页岩压裂效果，工程甜点确定为富含生物硅的富有机质硅质泥页岩。同样，中国古龙陆相页岩油将滞留烃作为地质甜点评价依据，提出富有机质的黏土质页岩和长英质页岩均为地质甜点，而工程甜点则应聚焦富含硅质的长英质页岩。

关键词: 北美, 二叠盆地, Wolfcamp D, 古龙, 页岩型页岩油, 甜点特征, 靶体优选

Abstract: The global technical recoverable shale oil resources are 2512×10⁸ t, and the cumulative crude oil output from shale series has reached up to 3.9×10⁸ t in 2021, which has grown to be one of the major fields for global petroleum exploration and development. Based on the geological conditions and sedimentary characteristics, the “sweet spot” reservoir of continental shale oil in China is classified into three categories, i.e., interlayer type, mixed type and shale type, among which the interlayer type and mixed type shale oil are the main targets for global shale oil exploration and development. Recently, breakthrough has been achieved in the exploration of shale type shale oil. However, the sweet spot evaluation urgently needs to be deepened to provide a basis for achieving benefit shale oil development. Therefore, the geological characteristics between the Carboniferous Wolfcamp D marine shale oil in Permian Basin in north America and the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation Gulong continental shale oil in China are compared, and the key indicators for sweet spot evaluation of shale type shale oil are discussed, so as to provide reference for the exploration and development of continental shale type shale oil in China. The comparative study indicates that the two sets of shales are dominated by felsic shale and clayey shale with high clay minerals and quartz contents, and show similar geological characteristics of formation overpressure, relatively light oil quality and high brittle mineral content; The reservoir space of Gulong shale oil is dominated by composite organic matter pores and bedding joints related to a large number of clay minerals, showing better connectivity than Wolfcamp D shale oil but slightly poorer organic carbon abundance. The geological sweet spot of Wolfcamp D shale includes organic-rich clayey shale and siliceous shale, while the engineering sweet spot is the organic-rich siliceous shale based on the fracturing results. Similarly, the geological sweet spot of Gulong continental shale oil includes organic-rich clayey shale and felsic shale by using evaluation indicator of retained hydrocarbon, and the engineering sweet spot is the silicic felsic shale.

中图分类号:

TE112.11

刘羽汐, 白斌, 曹健志, 王瑞, 朱如凯, 孟思炜, 侯秀林. 海陆相页岩型页岩油地质特征的差异与甜点评价——以北美二叠盆地Wolfcamp D页岩油与松辽盆地古龙页岩油为例[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2023, 28(4): 55-65.

Liu Yuxi, Bai Bin, Cao Jianzhi, Wang Rui, Zhu Rukai, Meng Siwei, Hou Xiulin. Differences in geological characteristics and sweet spots evaluation of marine and continental shale oil: a comparative case study between Wolfcamp D shale oil in Permian Basin in north America and Gulong shale oil in Songliao Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2023, 28(4): 55-65.

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