Abstract: Since 2017, PetroChina has taken the initiative to adapt to the new situation of national oil and gas reform, and effectively strengthened the exploration and development of high-quality mining rights, resource exploration and reserve utilization, so as to contribute to national energy security. Based on the policies of mining rights in different exploration stages, the transfer target was set up, and the transfer principle and transfer scheme were formulated to innovatively implement internal transfer and optimal allocation of mining rights in three rounds, covering 35 blocks with a total area of 117×104km2. As a result, three major breakthroughs, three important discoveries and five major exploration results were made, which supported to effectively produce a number of reserves, establish and improve the internal transfer management mechanism of mining rights, further stimulate the exploration vitality, revitalize mining rights resources, and lay a solid foundation for accelerating resource exploration, alleviating the unbalanced development between the eastern and western regions, helping some enterprises turn around losses, and achieving sustainable and high-quality development. The study results show that internal transfer and optimal allocation of mining rights is one of the effective ways to obtain rapid exploration breakthrough, accelerate resource exploration and hold high-quality mining rights. The successful experience and enlightenment can be replicated and popularized in four aspects: First, a scientific and effective management system is an important guarantee for internal transfer of mining rights; Second, positive transformation of exploration ideas is the key to achieve rapid breakthrough; Third, the rational allocation of resources is an effective way to relieve the difficulties of resource replacement in the mature oilfields and turn around the deficit; Fourth, implementing the reform of “oil company model” is an effective means for high-efficiency exploration and profitable development of allocated blocks.