The Genesis and Accumulation Pattern of Natural Gas in the Mianyang-Guang’an Shallow Shelf and Its Adjacent areas in Upper Permian Changxing Formation , Sichuan Basin

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2025.06.011

Abstract

Abstract: In recent years, significant breakthroughs have been made in the exploration of the Upper Permian Changxing Formation in the Mianyang-Guang’an shallow-water shelf and its adjacent areas. However, the geochemical characteristics and gas-bearing properties of different reef-shoal bodies vary greatly, the genesis and main source rocks of different gas reservoirs remain unclear, and the laws of oil and gas enrichment and the accumulation models are not yet well understood. These factors have restricted the evaluation of favorable traps and the deployment of exploration. Based on the analysis and experimental data of natural gas composition, carbon isotopes, hydrogen isotopes, nitrogen isotopes, reservoir bitumen and source rocks, a systematic study was conducted on the origin of natural gas and the mixing ratio of mixed gases. Combined with geological research results, a gas accumulation model for the Changxing Formation was established. The research results show that: The study results show that: (1) The natural gas in the Changxing Formation is mainly composed of hydrocarbon gases with a dryness coefficient greater than 0.9841, and it is mainly pyrolysis gas from crude oil, with some being medium to high H₂S gas reservoirs. (2) In the study area, three sets of source rocks of two types, namely the Upper Permian Longtan Formation/Wujiaping Formation Type II₁-III and the Lower Paleozoic Qiongzhusi Formation and Longmaxi Formation Type I-II₁, are mainly developed. The geochemical differences of natural gas in the Changxing Formation are related to the development degree of the main source rocks and the stratigraphic level of the source-cutting faults. Natural gas from the Upper Permian source rocks has heavy carbon isotopes, with δ¹³C₂ values mainly heavier than -28.0‰. When Lower Paleozoic source rocks are mixed in, the carbon isotopes of the mixed gas become lighter. The contribution ratio of Lower Paleozoic source rocks estimated by the end-member gas δ¹³C₂ values is 53.9% - 77.0%. (3) The Changxing Formation gas reservoirs have three types of accumulation patterns：single-source，dual-source and triple-source hydrocarbon supply pattern. The main source rocks and their distribution for different accumulation patterns were clarified. It is believed that in the area where the source rocks are from the Upper Permian Longtan Formation/Wujiaping Formation, the superimposition of large-scale beach facies reservoirs and the current structure is a favorable exploration zone. In the area where there is a mixture of Lower Paleozoic sources, the effective matching of source-cutting faults and large-scale beach facies reservoirs leads to a higher overall degree of oil and gas enrichment，which can provide geological basis for the next exploration deployment decisions in Sichuan Basin.

Key words: Changxing Formation, Natural gas, Geochemical characteristics, Accumulation pattern, Shallow-water shelf, Mianyang-Guang’an, Sichuan Basin.

CLC Number:

TE122.11

Sun Haofei, Luo Bing, Guo Jianying, Zhang Xihua, Xie Wuren, Ming Ying, Wu Saijun, Zhang Wenjie, Xu Liang, Cui Huiying, Chen Xiao, Wang Xiaobo, Ye Mingze, Ran Yu, Xie Zengye. The Genesis and Accumulation Pattern of Natural Gas in the Mianyang-Guang’an Shallow Shelf and Its Adjacent areas in Upper Permian Changxing Formation , Sichuan Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2025, 30(6): 153-170.

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