Abstract: The main target for oil and gas exploration of strongly compressional faulted fold zone should be focused on anticline trap. Based on comparison and analysis of the present oil and gas exploration activities mounted in the thrust belts on the northern and southern peripheries of Tianshan Mountain and in the southern and northern segments of Longmen Mountain as well as Chuandong high steep anticline, it is concluded that major oil and gas discoveries are closely related to desirable anticline traps and good storage conditions in the areas with the similar structural characteristics and geological conditions. Buried anticline is good both for trap type and storage condition. The domestic oil and gas exploration practice in the past decades indicates that buried anticline is far better than surface anticline in terms of the number of oil and gas fields (reservoirs), reserves and production in strongly compressional faulted fold zone, with a further rising trend at the current time. Therefore, buried anticline has an important and irreplaceable position in oil and gas exploration of strongly compressional faulted fold zone and should draw attention from exploration experts. Oil and gas exploration of strongly compressional faulted fold zone should follow the principle of òsearching the underground relatively simple buried anticline from the complicated surface anticline,ó thus achieving satisfactory exploration results and bringing exploration activities under good cyclic periods.