Geological characteristics and exploration potential of deep coal measure gas in Xishanyao Formation in Taibei Sag, Turpan-Hami Basin

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2024.04.004

Abstract

Abstract: The deep coal measure gas is a new field of petroleum exploration in Turpan-Hami Basin, but the study level is relatively low. Based on coal rock testing and basic geological data, the distribution, coal quality, reservoir properties, macro and micro coal petrology, gas source,and isothermal adsorption characteristics of coal seams in the Middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation in Taibei Sag in Turpan-Hami Basin have systematically been studied, which support to identify the gas-bearing property of coal measure reservoir and its influencing factors,propose accumulation and enrichment conditions for the deep coal measure gas, establish enrichment and accumulation patterns, and predict exploration potential in Taibei Sag. The results show that: (1) The coal seams in the deep Jurassic Xishanyao Formation in Taibei Sag have a wide distribution area and a great thickness, which are characterized by medium-low rank, primary structure, well-developed cleavages, low ash content, low water cut, and rich vitrinite. (2) The coal reservoir has high porosity and permeability, which is insignificantly affected by burial depth. The gas logging anomalies are common in coal seam interval, and the reservoir has moderate-good adsorption capacity, showing characteristics of coexistence of free gas and adsorbed gas, rapid gas breakthrough during trial production, and complete gas compositions.(3) After hydrocarbon supply and charging in coal measure strata in Taibei Sag, two hydrocarbon accumulation patterns were formed, i.e.,adjustment type in forward structural zone, and self-generation and self-storage type in slope and subsag areas. (4) There are abundant coal measure gas resources in Taibei Sag, with resource volume of nearly 3×10¹² m³ of the main coal seams in Xishanyao Formation. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of coal measure gas resource abundance, coal seam thickness, gas content, and preservation conditions, Wenjisang Structural Zone and Xiaocaohu South Slope are favorable areas for deep coal measure gas exploration.

CLC Number:

TE122.2

Chen Xuan, Zhang Hua, Lin Lin, Liu Juntian, Gou Hongguang, Li Xinning, Cheng Yi, You Fan. Geological characteristics and exploration potential of deep coal measure gas in Xishanyao Formation in Taibei Sag, Turpan-Hami Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2024, 29(4): 45-60.

References

[1] 傅雪海，秦勇，韦重韬. 煤层气地质学[D]. 北京：中国矿业大学出版社，2007.
Fu Xuehai, Qin Yong, Wei Chongtao. Coalbed methane geology[D] . Beijing : China University o f Mining and Technology Press, 2007.
[2] 李松，汤达祯，许浩，等. 深部煤层气储层地质研究进展[J]. 地学前缘，2016,23(3):10-16.
Li Song, Tang Dazhen, Xu Hao, et al . Progress in geological researches on the deep coalbed methane reservoirs[J]. Earth Science Frontiers，2016,23(3):10-16.
[3] 叶建平，秦勇，林大扬．中国煤层气资源[M]．徐州：中国矿业大学出版社，1999．
Ye Jianping, Qin Yong, Lin Dayang. Coalbed methane resources in China[M]. Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology Press, 1999.
[4] 车长波，杨虎林，李富兵，等．我国煤层气资源勘探开发前景[J]．中国矿业，2008,17(5):1-4.
Che Changbo, Yang Hulin, Li Fubing, et al . Exploration and development prospects of coal bed methane (CBM) resources in China[J]. China Mining Magazine，2008,17(5):1-4.
[5] 李国欣，雷征东，董伟宏，等．中国石油非常规油气开发进展、挑战与展望[J]. 中国石油勘探，2022,27(1):1-11.
Li Guoxin, Lei Zhengdong, Dong Weihong, et al . Progress, challenges and prospects of unconventional oil and gas development of CNPC[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2022,27(1):1-11.
[6] 潘继平. 中国油气勘探开发新进展与前景展望[J]. 石油科技论坛，2023,42(1):23-31.
Pan Jiping. New progress and outlook of China’s oil and gas exploration and development[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2023,42(1):23-31.
[7] 李曙光，王成旺，王红娜，等. 大宁—吉县区块深层煤层气成藏特征及有利区评价[J]. 煤田地质与勘探，2022,50(9):59-67.
Li Shuguang，Wang Chengwang，Wang Hongna，et al . Reservoir forming characteristics and favorable area evaluation of deep coalbed methane in Daning-Jixian block[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration，2022,50(9):59-67.
[8] 陈刚，胡宗全. 鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘延川南深层煤层气富集高产模式探讨[J]. 煤炭学报，2018,43(6):1572-1579.
Chen Gang, Hu Zongquan． Discussion on the model of enrichment and high yield of deep coalbed methane in Yanchuannan area at Southeastern Ordos Basin[J]．Journal of China Coal Society, 2018,43(6):1572-1579.
[9] 姚红生，陈贞龙，郭涛，等. 延川南深部煤层气地质工程一体化压裂增产实践[J]. 油气藏评价与开发，2021,11(3):291-296.
Yao Hongsheng, Chen Zhenlong, Guo Tao, et al . Stimulation practice of geology-engineering integration fracturing for deep CBM in Yanchuannan Field[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2021,11(3):291-296.
[10] 梁兴，单长安，李兆丰，等. 山地煤层气勘探创新实践及有效开采关键技术：以四川盆地南部筠连煤层气田为例[J]. 天然气工业，2022, 42(6):107-129.
Liang Xing, Shan Chang’an, Li Zhaofeng, et al . Exploration innovation practice and effective exploitation key technology of mountain coalbed methane:taking the Junlian coalbed methane field in southern Sichuan Basin as an example[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2022,42(6):107-129.
[11] 天工. 四川盆地南部地区煤层气参数井：川高参1 井顺利开钻[J]. 天然气工业，2017，37(1):144-144.
Tian Gong. Successful drilling of coalbed methane parameter well-Sichuan Gaoshen 1 well in the southern region of Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2017,37(1):144-144.
[12] 高丽军，谢英刚，潘新志，等．临兴深部煤层气含气性及开发地质模式分析[J]．煤炭学报，2018,43(6):1634-1640．
Gao Lijun，Xie Yinggang，Pan Xinzhi，et al ．Gas analysis of deep coalbed methane and its geological model for development in Linxing block[J]．Journal of China Coal Society, 2018,43(6): 1634-1640.
[13] 杨敏芳，孙斌，鲁静，等．准噶尔盆地深、浅层煤层气富集模式对比分析[J]．煤炭学报，2019,44( 增刊2):601-609．
Yang Minfang, Sun Bin, Lu Jing, et al ．Comparative analysis on the enrichment patterns of deep and shallow CBM in Junggar Basin[J]．Journal of China Coal Society，2019,44(S2): 601-609．
[14] 孙斌，杨敏芳，杨青，等．准噶尔盆地深部煤层气赋存状态分析[J]．煤炭学报，2017,42( 增刊1):195-202.
Sun Bin，Yang Minfang，Yang Qing，et al ．Analysis on occurrence state of deep coalbed methane in Junggar basin[J]．Journal of China Coal Society, 2017,42(S1):195-202．
[15] 徐凤银，王成旺，熊先钺，等．深部（层）煤层气成藏模式与关键技术对策：以鄂尔多斯盆地东缘为例[J]．中国海上油气，2022,34(4): 30-42.
Xu Fengyin, Wang Chengwang, Xiong Xianyue, et al . Deep（layer）coalbed methane reservior forming modes and key technical countermeasures:taking the eastern margin of Ordos Basin as an example[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas，2022, 34(4):30-42.
[16] 倪方杰. 白家海凸起深层煤层气压裂试气实践与认识[J]. 江汉石油职工大学学报，2019,32(5):36-38.
Ni Fangjie. Practice and understanding of deep CBM fracturing gas tasting in Baijiahai uplift[J]. Journal of Jianghan Petrioleum University of Staff and Workers，2019,32(5):36-38.
[17] 秦勇，申建. 论深部煤层气基本地质问题[J]. 石油学报，2016,37(1):125-136.
Qin Yong，Shen Jian. Onthe fundamental issues of deep coalbed methane geology[J]. Acta Ptrolei Sinica, 2016,37(1):125-136.
[18] 康永尚，邓泽，皇甫玉慧，等．中煤阶煤层气高饱和—超饱和带的成藏模式和勘探方向[J]．石油学报，2020,41(12):1555-1566．
Kang Yongshang, Deng Ze, Huangfu Yuhui, et al . Accumlation model and exploration drection of high-to oversaturation zone of the midium-rank coalbed methane[J]. Acta Ptrolei Sinica, 2020,41(12):1555-1566.
[19] 康永尚，皇甫玉慧，张兵，等. 含煤盆地深层“超饱和”煤层气形成条件[J]. 石油学报，2019,40(12):1426-1438.
Kang Yongshang, Huangfu Yuhui, Zhang Bing, et al . Formation conditions for deep oversaturation coalbed methane in coal-bearing basins[J]. Acta Ptrolei Sinica, 2019,40(12):1426-1438.
[20] 聂志宏，时小松，孙伟，等．大宁—吉县区块深层煤层气生产特征与开发技术对策[J]．煤田地质与勘探，2022,50(3):193-200．
Nie Zhihong，Shi Xiaosong，Sun Wei，et al . Production characteristics of deep coalbed methane gas reservoirs in DaningJixian block and its development technology countermeasures[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2022,50(3): 193-200.
[21] 高玉巧，李鑫，何希鹏，等. 延川南深部煤层气高产主控地质因素研究[J]. 煤田地质与勘探，2021,49(2):21-27.
Gao Yuqiao, Li Xin, He Xipeng, et al . Study on the main controlling geological factors of high yield deep CBM in Southern Yanchuan block[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration，2021,49(2):21-27.
[22] 何发岐，董昭雄. 深部煤层气资源开发潜力：以鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质，2022,43(2):277-285.
He Faqi, Dong Zhaoxiong. Development potential of deep coalbed methane：a case study in the Daniudi Gasfield, Ordos Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology，2022,43(2):277-285.
[23] 陈刚，秦勇，杨青，等. 不同煤阶煤储层应力敏感性差异及其对煤层气产出的影响[J]. 煤炭学报，2014,39(3):504-509.
Chen Gang, Qin Yong, Yang Qing, et al . Different stress sensitivity of different coal rank reservoir permeability and its effect on the coalbed methane output[J]．Journal of China Coal Society, 2014,39(3):504 － 509．
[24] 李勇，王延斌，孟尚志，等. 煤系非常规天然气合采地质基础理论进展及展望[J]. 煤炭学报，2020,45(4):1406-1418.
Li Yong, Wang Yanbin, Meng Shangzhi, et al ．Theoretical basis and prospect of coal measure unconventional natural gas coproduction[J]．Journal of China Coal Society, 2020,45(4): 1406-1418．
[25] 陈刚，秦勇，胡宗全，等．准噶尔盆地白家海凸起深部含煤层气系统储层组合特征[J]．煤炭学报，2016,41(1):80-86．
Chen Gang, Qin Yong, Hu Zongquan, et al ．Characteristics of reservoir assemblage of deep CBM-bearing system in Baijiahai dome of Junggar Basin[J]．Journal of China Coal Society，2016, 41(1):80-86．
[26] 周德华，陈刚，陈贞龙，等．中国深层煤层气勘探开发进展、关键评价参数与前景展望[J]．天然气工业，2022,42(6):43-51．
Zhou Dehua, Chen Gang, Chen Zhenlong, et al . Exploration and development progress, key evaluation parameters and prospect of deep CBM in China[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2022, 42(6):43-51.
[27] 朱苏阳，李传亮，杜志敏，等．煤层气的复合解吸模式研究[J]．中国矿业大学学报，2016,45(2):319-327．
Zhu Suyang, Li Chuanliang, Du Zhimin, et al . Compound desorption model of coalbed methane[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2016,45(2):319-327.
[28] 孙健，魏强，晏波，等. 煤层吸附气的全解吸过程及组分与碳同位素变化：基于热模拟实验结果[J]. 煤炭学报，2018,43(10):2848-2856.
Sun Jian, Wei Qiang, Yan Bo, et al ．Desorption process and variation of chemical and carbon isotopic composition of coalbed adsorbed gas based on the results of thermal simulation[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2018,43(10):2848-2856．
[29] 李勇，吴鹏，高计县，等．煤成气多层系富集机制与全含气系统模式：以鄂尔多斯盆地东缘临兴区块为例[J]．天然气工业，2022,42(6): 52-64．
Li Yong, Wu Peng, Gao Jixian, et al . Multilayer coal-derived gas enrichment mechanism and whole gas bearing system model: a case study on the Linxing Block along the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2022,42(6):52-64.
[30] 郭绪杰，支东明，毛新军，等. 准噶尔盆地煤岩气的勘探发现及意义[J]. 中国石油勘探，2021,26(6):38-49.
Guo Xujie, Zhi Dongming, Mao Xinjun, et al . Discovery and significance of coal measure gas in Junggar Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021,26(6):38-49.
[31] 刘洪林，王红岩，赵群，等. 吐哈盆地低煤阶煤层气地质特征与成藏控制因素研究[J]. 地质学报，2010,84(1):133-137.
Liu Honglin, Wang Hongyan, Zhao Qun, et al .Geological characteristics of coalbed methane and controlling factors of accumulation in the Tuha Coal Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2010,84(1):133-137.
[32] 李在光，刘俊田，陈启林，等. 吐哈盆地下侏罗统天然气勘探潜力与方向[J]. 天然气地球科学，2009,20(3):342-347.
Li Zaiguang, Liu Juntian, Chen Qilin, et al . Lower Jurassic gas exploration potential and direction in Tuha Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2009,20(3):342-347.
[33] 黄军斌. 吐哈盆地沙尔湖洼陷低煤阶煤层气藏特征及储量参数研究[D]. 北京：中国地质大学（北京），2011.
Huang Junbin. Coalbed gas system description and reserve parameters analysis in the Shearhu Sag of the Tuha Basin[D]. Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing), 2011.
[34] 何海清，梁世君，郭绪杰，等. 吐哈盆地洼陷区中下侏罗统岩性油气藏风险勘探新发现及勘探前景[J]. 天然气地球科学，2022, 33(7):1025-1035.
He Haiqing, Liang Shijun, Guo Xujie, et al . New discoveries and exploration prospects of Middle and Lower Jurassic lithologic reservoirs in depression area of Turpan-Hami Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience，2022,33(7):1025-1035.
[35] 王志勇，孟仟祥，王作栋，等. 吐哈盆地台北凹陷侏罗系煤系源岩地球化学分类及意义[J]. 沉积学报，2010,28(6):1238-1243.
Wang Zhiyong, Meng Qianxiang, Wang Zuodong, et al . Geochemical classification and significance of Jurassic coalbearing source rocks in Taibei Depression，Turpan-Hami Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica，2010,28(6):1238-1243.
[36] 王一兵，田文广，李五忠，等. 中国煤层气选区评价标准探讨[J]. 地质通报，2006,25(9):1104-1107.
Wang Yibing, Tian Wenguang, Li Wuzhong, et al . Criteria for the evaluation of coalbed methane area selection in China[J].Geological Bulletin of China, 2006,25(9):1104-1107.
[37] 张遂安，王竹平，李艳红. 煤层气开发项目经济评价方法与预测模型[J]. 中国矿业大学学报，2004,33(3):80-83.
Zhang Suian, Wang Zhuping, Li Yanhong. Economic evaluation and prediction model for coalbed methane development[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2004,33(3):80-83.