Abstract: Petroleum exploration of Carboniferous in Junggar Basin started from the 1950s. As of the end of 2002, five oil fields and one gas field of Carboniferous have been found on the northwestern periphery of the basin as well as the eastern part and the hinterland of the basin. The Carboniferous reservoirs are mainly volcanic rock and volcanic clastic rock. The reservoir facies is the subfacies of lava flow near volcanic mouth, then the eruptive facies and then the volcanic gravity flow subfacies. Most of the Carboniferous oil reservoirs proven in Junngar basin are controlled by the fault activities. They are divided into three categories: faulted block oil and gas reservoirs, fault-lithologic oil and gas reservoirs and anticline oil and gas reservoirs. As for the main reservoir-caprock assemblage, the Carboniferous volcanic rock is the reservoir while the Permian and Triassic mudstone is the cap rock. In addition, this thesis summarizes the Carboniferous oil and gas abundance law of Junggar Basin and assesses “seven playes” as favorable prospect areas for exploration.