This thesis systematically summarizes the latest research progress and petroleum exploration results in the deep oil and gas fields both at home and abroad. It points out that the deep layer has the basic conditions for forming the oil and gas reservoirs and a series of oil and gas reservoirs have been found in this field. Under the specific conditions, the deep-layer glutenite, carbonate rock and volcanic rock can develop into the commercial oil and gas reservoirs. The deep oil and gas reservoirs are characterized with the nearsource property. The vertical migration and accumulation is the basic pattern for such reservoirs. The multi-stage oil and gas accumulation is quite common owing to destruction of structural activities. China is rich in the deep oil and gas resources. The deep field is an important substitute area for exploration of the oil and gas basins.

Petroleum exploration of Carboniferous in Junggar Basin started from the 1950s. As of the end of 2002, five oil fields and one gas field of Carboniferous have been found on the northwestern periphery of the basin as well as the eastern part and the hinterland of the basin. The Carboniferous reservoirs are mainly volcanic rock and volcanic clastic rock. The reservoir facies is the subfacies of lava flow near volcanic mouth, then the eruptive facies and then the volcanic gravity flow subfacies. Most of the Carboniferous oil reservoirs proven in Junngar basin are controlled by the fault activities. They are divided into three categories: faulted block oil and gas reservoirs, fault-lithologic oil and gas reservoirs and anticline oil and gas reservoirs. As for the main reservoir-caprock assemblage, the Carboniferous volcanic rock is the reservoir while the Permian and Triassic mudstone is the cap rock. In addition, this thesis summarizes the Carboniferous oil and gas abundance law of Junggar Basin and assesses “seven playes” as favorable prospect areas for exploration.

Mosuowan Uplift is a large uplift developed against the background of the Carboniferous "basement" uplift. The structural evolution experiences the six stages - Carboniferous preliminary uplift stage, Permian uplift development stage, Triassic-Middle Jurassic early stable burial stage, Middle Jurassic-Late Jurassic compresso-shear remoulding stage, Cretaceous- Lower Tertiary stable burial and adjustment stage, and Upper Tertiary shaping stage. The current Carboniferous top boundary is a giant anticline distributed in the northwest-western direction. The overlapped Permian-Jurassic System is a successive draped anticline. The anticline area and closure amplitude dwindle from the lower part to the upper part. The Lower Jurassic formation interface is only the low-amplitude anticline trap while the Jurassic top interface and the draped anticline above the interface disappear. The transition of the whole Mosuowan region is the monocline structure tilting southward. The Carboniferous palaeohigh does not come under destruction during the structural evolution process. The Carboniferous top anticline trap area and closure amplitude have the trend for gradual increase. The main body of the palaeohigh slowly migrates from southeast to northwest. The structural evolution characteristics of Mosuowan Uplift are favorable to forming and preserving of Carboniferous-Triassic oil and gas reservoirs. Therefore, the Carboniferous-Triassic deep-seated anticline trap of Mosuowan Uplift, the giant Carboniferous anticline trap in particular, is of great value to exploration.

Uplift structure is the large-scale positive structural unit in the sedimentary basin. It is the main place for oil and gas accumulation. Formation and development of uplift is a complicated dynamic process owing to the multi-cycle superimposed development of the sedimentary basin. The different geological structures in the different stages of the uplift, such as , the sedimentary stage, the (oil and gas) migration and accumulation stage, the adjustment stage, and shaping stage, determine the geological environment for oil and gas generation,migration, accumulation and distribution. Therefore, the dynamics for uplift structural development holds the key to analysis of oil and gas basin structure. From the view of palaeostructural analysis, this paper analyzes the structural evolutional history of Mosuowan Uplift in Junggar Basin. Mosuowan Uplift is a large-scale uplift developed under the background of the Carboniferous "basement" uplift and subject to the Permian structural activities. The uplift comes under strong remoulding from the later period of Middle Jurassic to Late Jurassic after the stable subsidence and burial in the Xishanyao Formation sedimentary period in Triassic-Middle Jurassic. Afterwards, the uplift has experienced another stable subsidence in Early Cretaceous and the oscillatory activities in Late Cretaceous to Early Tertery, and in Later Tertery started to tilt southward with the rapid subsidence of Changji Sag on the southern side. Mosuowan Uplift has gone through six geo-dynamic development stages - preliminary stage, development stage, burial stage, remoulding stage, adjustment stage and reshaping stage. It currently becomes a large-scale anticline with the large buried depth. It has the superior conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation.

The paper makes statistical analysis of 97 wells drilled in the eastern part and hinterland of Junggar Basin and integrated assessment on hydrocarbon source rock in terms of Carboniferous hydrocarbon source rock distribution, organic matter type, abundance and thermal evolution degree. The paper makes study of Carboniferous hydrocarbon generation capacity. Carboniferous source rock is extensively distributed in the eastern part and hinterland of Junggar Basin, mainly tuff and sedimentary tuff. Lower Carboniferous hydrocarbon source rock is distributed mainly in the Dishuiquan and Wucaiwan area. It is promising source rock of sapropelic-humic type under the reduction environment. Upper Carboniferous source rock is distributed mainly in the regions of Dajing, Zhangbei Shixi, Xiayean and Wucaiwan in the eastern part of the basin. It is the relatively desirable source rock of the mature sapropelic-humic type under the weak reduction to reduction environment. The Carboniferous self-sourcing and self-stored oil and gas is also found in the recent years, indicating a promising prospect for exploration of Carboniferous.

Mosuowan Uplift in Junggar Basin is a typical uplift structural unit in the depression with the superior conditions for hydrocarbon source. It has three sets of main hydrocarbon source series - Carboniferous, Permian and Jurassic. Vertically, there are four sets reservoircap assemblages developed in the structure. The structural and sedimentary evolution and geological structure of Mosuowan Uplift determines the main characteristics of its oil and gas accumulation. It has experienced accumulation and adjustment in the early period and accumulation and re-adjustment in the middle and late period, characterized with "two-stage accumulation and two-stage adjustment." The favorable allocation of sourcing stage, migration stage, accumulation stage and adjustment stage in space makes this region a favorable oil and gas abundance region with multiple intervals.

The wells in Mosuowan Uplift area indicate the wellhole overpressure characteristics of Jurassic. But it is not clear about the pressure characteristics of the formations below the well bottom. Moshen-1 well is a key scientific study well targeted at exploration of the large-scale deep Carboniferous-Triassic anticline trap on Mosuowan Uplift. The pre-drilling pressure prediction is of great significance to reasonable drilling engineering design of Moshen-1 well. Adoption of the seismic horizon velocity method for prediction of formation pressure is comparatively accurate for the normal pressure section. However, as for the overpressure section, the systematic errors between the seismic horizon velocity and the real formation velocity are considerable. The predicted pressure is obviously lower than the actual pressure. VSP logging velocity is more sensitive to the overpressure section as compared to seismic horizon velocity. Use of VSP velocity for correction of the seismic velocity can substantially reduce the systematic errors. Use of the corrected seismic horizon velocity for prediction of formation pressure can greatly raise the accuracy of prediction

Southeast Asia is one of the important oil and gas producing regions in the world. There are more than 100 sedimentary basins in this region. Currently, oil and gas are found in 47 basins. The ultimate oil and natural gas reserves in Southeast Asia are 233.7 × 108t and 26.5 × 1012m3, accounting for 7.5 percent and 8.1 percent of the world's total respectively. The nations with great petroleum exploration potential include Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar and Brunei

In recent years, the China's Petroleum Companies are all paying much attention to petroleum exploration. It seems that their exploration activities have the following five main features. Resource is increasing with royalty region extending. The exploration works focus on foreland basin, paleo-uplift, large scale stratigraphic and lithologic region, oil and gas-enriching depression. The oil and gasenriching depressions are took as foothold, the explorers lay stress on mature petroleum provinces to reduce oil and gas production. The reserves is increasing on a high base and production grows steadily. The companies begin to think much of the exploration of natural gas, accompanied by the gas reserves increasing quickly.