Abstract: This thesis systematically summarizes the latest research progress and petroleum exploration results in the deep oil and gas fields both at home and abroad. It points out that the deep layer has the basic conditions for forming the oil and gas reservoirs and a series of oil and gas reservoirs have been found in this field. Under the specific conditions, the deep-layer glutenite, carbonate rock and volcanic rock can develop into the commercial oil and gas reservoirs. The deep oil and gas reservoirs are characterized with the nearsource property. The vertical migration and accumulation is the basic pattern for such reservoirs. The multi-stage oil and gas accumulation is quite common owing to destruction of structural activities. China is rich in the deep oil and gas resources. The deep field is an important substitute area for exploration of the oil and gas basins.