Based on the new outcomes obtained from oil exploration and new understandings and development of petroleum geology theories gotten in the past few years, analyzing effective source rocks in Jiyang Depression (including beach area), the genetic method, statistical method, and analogical method are applied to comprehensively evaluate the oil resources in the depression by taking oil accumulating units as the evaluation unit. A new approach is established to evaluate exploration potential on the basis of resources and degree of reliability, which has been used to select 15 favorable oil and gas exploration units, such as the north slope in Dongying sag, the central anticline belt of Dongying sag, the central anticline belt of Huimin sag, the north slope of Chezhen sag, Gudao and Chengdao regions of Bonan Oilfield. The results have been proved by exploration practic

Lamadian, Saertu, and Xingshugang oil reservoirs located in placanticline structure of Daqing Oilfiledare sandstone reservoirs with anticlinal structure. The depths of oil-water interface are different in the eastern and western limbs, which have been interpreted by many geological origins, such as hydrodynamic force and terrestrial stress. Based on the physical principle of gravity differentiation of structural oil and gas reservoirs, as well as the theory of equilibrium between capillary force and buoyant force, the equation of capillary force and buoyant force is deduced, which can be used to describe the distribution law of oil-water interface. A conclusion is drawn that the depth of the oil-water interface in any position of the reservoir is determined by its pore configuration, that is, the size of the pore radius (rd) corresponding with the displacement pressure. Rd has positive correlation with reservoir properties. Due to the existence of reservoir heterogeneity (lithologic factors), the oil/water transitional zone and oil-water interface of general anticlinal structural oil and gas reservoirs are undulating, as well as the thickness tends to be conico-cylindrical.

The conditions of source rocks, reservoir rocks, and cap rocks are favorable in the southern segment of western sag of Liaohe Oilfield, where several favorable reservoir-cap rock associations come into being. The configuration of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion stage of source rocks and trap formation stage is reasonable in this region, which is favorable for forming lithologic stratigraphic oil and gas reservoirs with multi strata. Subtle oilgas reservoir types, such as stratigraphic, lithologic, and complex reservoirs, mainly developed in the region. Vertically, the distribution of subtle reservoirs is controlled by some main reservoir-cap rock combinations. Horizontally, controlled by the geological structure of sags, subtle reservoirs of various types developed in different formations. It is believed that favorable zones for the development of reservoir under the same sedimentary fractured zones, that is, transitional zones of slopes and depressions with abrupt or gentle slope, are favorable for developing lithologic oil and gas reservoirs

Laojunmiao structural belt is located in Cenozoic foreland thrust belt in southern margin of Jiuquan Basin, which is superposed over the southern uplift and Shida sag of Early Cretaceous faulted basin. Laojunmiao Oilfield, the earliest oilfield discovered in China, lies in this structural belt. Based on synthetic research and analysis with seismic and non-seismic data and field observations, Laojunmiao structural belt is believed to have experienced Mesozoic and Cenozoic structural evolution. Vertically, it features in the superposition of multiple thrust blocks. Horizontally, it is characterized by E-W segmentation due to the division of many NNE adjusting faults, as well as the structural deformation is strong in the east and weak in the west. Discussion is made on oil/gas accumulation regulation by using drilling and logging data. The research shows that the fluvial sandstone reservoir of Palaeogene Jianquanzi Member of Baiyanghe Formation is the main exploration target of the belt, oil and gas being mainly from Lower Cretaceous source rocks of Qingnan sub-sag. According to the analysis of structural area and the evaluation of corresponding zones and traps, it is believed that Fault block 134, Miaoxi Fault block, Miaoxi anticline, and the central thrust fragments are the target for further oil and gas exploration.

petroleum geological conditions of the basin are comprehensively evaluated from the characteristics of strata, sediments, reservoirs, and source rocks based on carrying out plenty of field work. It is determined that the marine black shale in lower Cambrian and the Permian carbonate are source rocks, among which the former is gas source rock and the latter is oil source rock. Permian bioclastic limestone and bioherm are the most favorable reservoirs. The "self-generation and self-storage" pattern of the Permian is referred to be the best source-reservoir-cap rock combination. It is preliminarily estimated that the oil and gas resources is 420million tons in Mayang Basin, which has great exploration potential. It is proposed that the Permian distribution region east of the basin be favorable for exploration, which lays a basis for further exploration and deployment in this region

Mayang Basin in Hunan Province is the first block of PetroChina Liaohe Oilfield Company that can be registered by foreign companies. TheSulige gasfield is the largest onshore gasfield discovered in China so far, in which the main gas-bearing target strata feature in thin effective reservoirs (gas reservoirs), rapid longitudinal variation, and high risk of drilling. The thought on seismic prediction of effective reservoirs and its feasibility are demonstrated in the thesis based on analyzing the geological and geophysical characteristics of them. A full digital field data acquisition approach is proposed. It is emphasized that the dynamic characteristics of prestack gathers should be maintained during data processing. High-quality CDP gathers are obtained, which can be used for prestack inversion. Then restack inversion and AVO analysis are applied to predict effective gas reservoirs. In 2006, 30 wells were developed in the range of 100km2 of the gas field, based on applying systematic full-digital seismic techniques. Evaluation results show that the drilling success rate rises to 90% from 60%, gas zones drilled reaching 100%. This greatly improves the economic benefit of gasfield development.

Covered by NE-SW banded sand layers, the earth's surface of Tazhong desert area features in high topographic inequality and tremendous changes in the thickness of loose sand layers, which makes it difficult to acquire, process, and interpret the seismic data. Based on united scientific research on the down spread of energy excited by seismic wave and the reception of reflection wave, complete excitation is realized under groundwater level, as well as the optimized observation system for detectors is embedded as low as possible to adapt to local conditions. Due to the difficulties in fulfilling low amplitude structures and thin reservoir traps of Carboniferous and Silurian systems in the area, weak reflections, low signal-to-noise ratio, and difficult stack imaging of the Ordovician seismic data, systematic techniques are studied, developed, and applied, including the technique of analysis and compensation for seismic wave dissipation in dunes, surface-consistent processing technique, multi-domain iterative static correction technique, the technique for establishing fine velocity field model, migration and imaging techniques. Therefore, the seismic data of the area are greatly perfected, as well as the dominant frequencies of Carboniferous, Silurian, and Ordovician seismic profiles in the medium-deep strata rise to 36~40Hz from 18~20Hz. Furthermore, technique series of exploration for oil and gas in Tazhong desert area are developed, Tazhong Band I being given detailed description, oil and gas exploration targets being set. So there is another new climax on exploration for oil and gas in the platform-basin region.

Since seismic exploration of Tuha Basin is mainly carried out in mountainous region, foothill belt, desert, and gully region, where the variation of low velocity layer is rapid, static correction has become a bottleneck restricting the effect of exploration. By analyzing the effect of applying new techniques and methods to Tuha Basin, tomographic inversion and static correction of the first break in surface model are found to be more effective to solve the problem during processing real seismic data. By picking up arrival time of the first seismic break, the new approach establishes an initial model and a static correction model of which the forward initial time matches the practical initial time. Thus the precision of static correction calculation is high. The new approach is found to be of better application effect.

This paper introduces the concept of marine multi-wave and multi-component at first, discussing the mature marine multi-wave and multicomponent acquisition system (or 4C OBC), which mainly consists of six sub systems: recording, source, cable, acoustics, navigation, and quality control. This system has been successfully applied in the exploration of Alba Oilfield in European North Sea and Yinggehai Basin west of South China Sea conducted by CNOOC. In Alba Oilfield, the seismic inversion of both longitudinal and shear waves makes it possible to improve reservoir characterization, reduce uncertainties, and obtain a better simulated model. Furthermore, the reserves has been increased by 100~200million barrels of oil equivalent. M4C has had good achievements in shallow gas exploration and has been applied to predict the lithology and gas-bearing properties of middle-deep formations. The resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data are high. This paper investigates the key equipment of the technique and it finally puts forward some proposals about the development of marine multi-wave and multi-component acquisition techniques in China.

Formation fracturing is the most common way to develop low-permeability oil and gas reservoirs so as to increase oil and gas output. The vertical extension of fractured fractures in reservoirs determines the formation testing results. However, no effective method has been found to examine fractured fractures. Generally speaking, dipole sonic logging is applied in measuring open-hole wells to evaluate formation anisotropy and identify gas zones. On the basis of analyzing the dipole sonic logging mechanism, dipole sonic logging is conducted in casing to examine the expanded height of fractured fractures and to guide the analysis of formation testing results. Good application results have been obtained from correctly identifying reservoirs. The new technique is proved to be an effective way to evaluate fractured results. What's more, it allows more application of logging data to engineering examination.

On the basis of analyzing the application of artificial intelligence and GIS in petroleum exploration and development and its existing problems, combining with the analysis of the basic characteristics and application potentialities of the two techniques, it discusses the advantage of integrating them from the perspectives of economy and technique. Then the author develops an idea that realizes the seamless integration of the two techniques and applies it in real conditions. What's more, the thesis discusses some relevant problems about the integration of basic data, software integration, and application integration, so as to build up an intelligent decision support system that combines data input, data management, and intelligent analysis

The method of exploration management and evaluation, which takes investment plans as its main form, can not thoroughly show the characteristics of oil and gas exploration. As a result, the notion of "operation quality of oil and gas exploration" and its evaluation contents are proposed in this thesis. It is suggested that oil and gas exploration be an integrated system, as well as the evaluation on operation quality be strengthened. All factors of exploration and production are analyzed, including the job schedule and its effect, the operation of seismic and exploratory work, the relationship between workload and reserves increment, the effect of current work on future exploration. This is beneficial to get a clear mind about current exploration and the key emphasis in work, accurately grasping the pace of work and the future development. It will play a key role in improving the analysis and management of exploration.

The sedimentary filling northwest of Indonesia SP Block can be divided into two second-order sequences (i.e. Paleogene rift sequence and Neogene depression sequence) and six third-order sequences. The Paleogene rift sequence, which consists of lacustrine sediments, developed at the rifting stage of the basin. Its subsidence center is located in the northeast part of the research area. The Neogene depression sequence, which mainly consists of marine sediments, developed in the downwarping stage of the basin. Its subsidence center shifts to the southwest part of the research area. There are three associations of source-reservoir-cap rock in the block, of which two developed in the rift sequence and one in the depression sequence. The exploration targets are selected on the basis of the comprehensive analysis of seismic data and petroleum geological conditions. The latest drilling results show that significant oil and gas discoveries have been obtained in lower rifting sequences.

Because it is difficult to predict reservoir fractures, a synthetic approach based on fractures genesis analysis is proposed in this thesis on the basis of the research on many fractured reservoirs. Based on using core or image logging data, structural analysis of reservoir fractures is conducted and the genetic types of fractures are determined to predict the fractures of different types. Then the results of predicting fractures of various genetic types are integrated and applied, of which fractures genesis analysis is the basis of synthetic prediction of reservoir fractures. The new approach has been applied to GBEIBE Oilfield in the western Arabian oil region, where transverse fractures, longitudinal fractures, plane conjugate shear fractures, and shear fractures relevant to faults mainly developed. Several methods are adopted to predict the distribution fractures, such as curvature method, quantitative method for analyzing fracture strength, numerical simulation method for fractures prediction and stress field inversion. Good results have been obtained based on applying the prediction results to the oilfield.