The traditional connotation of the degree of exploration is a token of the seismic and drilling workload and proven degree of resources in an exploratory area. High and low degree of exploration is an important basis for dividing the exploration phase, but it is not always an accurate token of the exploration potential of an exploratory area. Practice shows that breakthroughs in exploration are often made in the old rich oil and gas areas with higher degree of exploration, these findings of oil and gas are frequently associated with the breakthrough in recognition. In view of this, a complete concept of exploration degree should be the traditional sense of workload plus the degree of recognition, furthermore the degree of recognition is the core connotation of exploration degree and it determines exploration and discovery. The proposal of the concept may be conducive to the further emancipation of thinking on the exploration of so-called exploratory areas in middle and late exploration stages. It may also be useful to achieve new breakthroughs in exploration for oil and gas in the old rich oil and gas areas with traditionally higher exploration degree, based on deepening recognition

This paper proposes the concept of theoretical innovation and describes its rules and features, and sums up four kinds of theoretical innovation models of two categories and three steps of theoretical innovation. At last, according to the problems of petroleum geology and exploration and the status of theoretical innovation in China, this paper puts forward thinking and suggestions for setting up a new petroleum geology and exploration theory with "Chinese geological features".

Based on a great deal of analytical data of rock and mineral, including cores, thin sections, SEM, X-ray diffraction and mercury injection, this paper systematically studies the micro-pore structure characteristics of reservoirs in Baikouquan Formation of Wuerhe Oilfield of Junggar Basin, and analyzes the controlling factors of reservoir performance. The study result indicates that the reservoir has low compositional maturity and media textural maturity, and reservoirs are of large pore size and small-medium throat size. The sedimentary facies is the main controlling factor of reservoir development. Sandy conglomerate, which deposited in braided channel of middle-fan facies, is the fundamental component of good reservoirs. Diagenesis is the controlling factor of reservoir performance. Compaction decreased the porosity, cementation and dissolution affected reservoir limitedly. In addition, the grain crack fractures, caused by compaction or lateral stress, are the unique of the diagenesis in this area. It can provide more reservoir space and seepage channel for oil and gas accumulation, which will improve the reservoir performance.

The study on positive inversion tectonics in Jiyang Depression is relatively insufficient, lacking systematic and regular research. Based on high-precision three-dimensional seismic data, combined with regional stress field and unconformity characteristics, the positive inversion tectonics in Jiyang Depression has been comprehensively identified and interpreted, and the relation between development characteristics of positive inversion tectonics and hydrocarbon accumulation has been discussed. The results show that the typical positive inversion tectonics mainly developed in Chengbei 20 Fault in Chengdao Area and the eastern section of Chennan Fault in Dongying Sag. The positive inversion tectonics shows obvious reversed compressional anticline in hanging wall and it formed under the background of regional compressional stress field in Upper Cretaceous and in the end of Dongying stage of Paleogene. The identification of positive inversion tectonics must be fully considered the transition of area stress, the development characteristic of unconformity, difference of tectonic style, stratum and sedimentary facies. The development of positive inversion not only can destroy or reform the existed reservoir, form favorable anticline and unconformity traps, improve reservoir property, but also be favorable to form reservoir of anticline, stratigraphic overlap and unconformity.

The reservoir of HE-8 Member in Su X well block is typical of low porosity and permeability. The seismic impedance of gas sandstone is greatly overlapped with that of mudstone, therefore the method of reservoir predicting with seismic impedance inversion is not accurate. For the problem above, the method of reservoir predicting with stochastic seismic inversion is proposed in this paper. Geophysical parameters of HE-8 Member are firstly analyzed, in addition lithological and gassy parameters are predicted. On the basis above, lithological and gassy distribution is predicted by means of stochastic seismic inversion. Verified by drilling￡?tight reservoir of HE-8 Member in Su X well block is predicted well by this method

In the Liaozhong sag, there is a distal turbidite depositional system in Dongying-2 Member of Jingzhou31-6 Block, where turbidite sand bodies developed in the east and west. It shows vermicular reflection configuration in the seismic profile. As there is little difference of p-wave impedance between sand and shale, between gas sand and wet sand in the poststack inversion profile, reservoir prediction and hydrocarbon detection are very difficult in this area. In this paper, on the basis of rock physics analysis, we adopt prestack AVO simultaneous inversion method to invert the JZ31-6 block prestack 3D seismic data with about 165km2. Then, we crossplot the density and shear modular from inversion result to distinguish the sand and shale, and crossplot the Vp/Vs and Lambda to detect the distribution of oil or gas. The result is well accepted and can be used as reference for reservoir prediction and hydrocarbon detection of turbidite nearby, which suggests a new thread for subtle reservoir exploration in Bohai Bay Basin

Using seismic facies analysis and log facies analysis to do comprehensive research and interpretation of sedimentary facies is the most effective approach for optimum selection ideal area and reservoirs prediction of lithologic reservoir. Reservoirs in D16 Well Block are thin and they are characterized by multiple strata and complex physical properties. In view of this, facies-controlled idea of the prediction is adopted, i.e. analyzing the seismic facies and log facies first, and then calibrating the result of the seismic facies by log micro-facies. Based upon this, seismic response patterns of reservoirs are built. Finally, the spatial distribution of reservoirs could be predicted. It is found that strong amplitude seismic facies and lentoid seismic facies are the most potential seismic facies in the area, and their distributing regulations are predicted

With low porosity, low permeability and complex structure, the Permian fractured glutenite reservoir in B31 fault block which is located in the western margin of Junggar Basin is mainly controlled by the structure and lithology as well as formation curvature, etc. The static geomodel of fractured reservoirs is built with stochastic modeling approach for simulation. The author integrates a set of rock matrix properties and fracture-related seismic attributes and production data to simulate a 3D fracture distribution model with fracture indicator, fuzzy logic and neural net techniques. It also shows that the use of quantitative fracture distribution (orientation and probability) estimations, together with their error bars (confidence bounds), is a valuable tool for fracture reservoir characterization and the sweet-spots identification with reduced risks.

Since 2003 breakthroughs have been made successively in the exploration of shallow light oil and shallow heavy oil in Shengli Prospect Area in Western Margin of Junggar Basin, and development of Chunguang Oilfield has been also fulfilled with high speed and high efficiency. With new theories of petroleum geology in the west of the Junggar Basin, researchers further studied the achievements of predecessors in oil and gas exploration in Chepaizi, and summarized regular cognition of oil and gas generation, migration, accumulation and reservoir formation in the area. Through plausible reasoning, the direction of exploration was made clear, and breakthroughs were made in the understanding that large-medium-sized oilfields were expected to form in high lifts in western margin of Junggar Basin. Through the study of oil and gas sources, oil source direction and strata in Chepaizi were made clear. Through the study of oil and gas transporting system, two major oil and gas transporting passages were proved. The study of sedimentary system provides theoretical basis for reservoir prediction and description in the area. Based on persistent oil and gas exploration in the area, techniques of three-dimensional seismic exploration, class highlights, synthetic seismograms, wavelet frequency extension processing, logging constrained inversion, and multiple seismic attribute analysis techniques were applied successfully. Finally 14 light oil reservoirs and high-yield reservoirs, six shallow gas reservoirs, and three shallow heavy oil reservoirs were discovered, with annual production capacity of crude oil reaching 475,000 tons

Fissures in Qianmiqiao buried hill of Ordovician are identified controlling reservoir quality and being the major permeable channels of producing capability by a large number of static and dynamic data, based on the research of reservoirs characteristic and hydrocarbon reservoirs distribution. Reservoirs can be classified into the microfissures-proposed type, mainly. The fissures in the research area can be classified into the structural fissures, solution structures, and joint fissures. This paper divides the fissures into the larger and small scales and sets up the fissures simulation. The high fdensity mainly developed in the super-karst under the unconformable interface range from 20 to 80 meters on the top of buried hill, with the characteristic of strata distribution, partial richness, and distinct difference between wells

Paleogene in Damintun sag could be divided into three second-order sequences which correspond to SQ1, SQ2 and SQ3. Among them, SQ1 enjoys a good distribution of source bed, reservoir and cover rock, and it has an excellent oil deposition condition. So the SQ1 becomes the focus of oil exploration in recent years. Constrained by the isochronal stratigraphic framework, seismic attribute extraction is used to study sedimentary facies. Multi-attribute lithological seismic inversion is employed to identify and describe the thin reservoir in sandstone body and good results are obtained

From the vertical and horizontal difference, study on post-salt reservoir formation features and distribution rules in southeastern Pre-Caspian Basin is studied. It points out that oil and gas migration in post-salt strata has five distinctive features as follows: ① Valid salt window formed by salt movement is the main migration pathway of post-salt reservoir; ② The critical stages of post-salt reservoir formation are P-T, T3-J, J2-K, and the end of T3 is the most important stage; ③ The horizontal distribution of hydrocarbon is always zonal, with its overall trend of K1, J2 inspissated pool in salt dome core and T2 gas pool as well as hydrocarbon reservoir & T1, P2 oil reservoir in salt dome flank and Inter-Salt Dome; ④ Late preservation is the key factor in forming post-salt high-grade commercial reserves reservoir; ⑤ T anticline and faulted -anticline trap under stable J in Salt flank is the most favorable exploration target

Jizhong Depression is very rich in geothermal resources, and a large number of wells have been drilled in geothermal reservoir. Geothermal fields are mainly controlled by geologic structures in the Depression. The geothermal field is affected by formation lithology, cover thickness, water exchange, fracture conductivity, and depth of geothermal reservoir, etc. Three big geothermal aquifer systems developed in the Depress, i.e. the weak alternation zone between Proterozoic and Lower Paleozoic, the Upper Paleozoic-Paleogene alternation blocking zone, and the strong alternation zone of Neogene. There are three types of geothermal reservoir, i.e. porous-type geothermal reservoir, fracture-type geothermal reservoir, and fracture-cave-type geothermal reservoir, among which the base rock fractured reservoir has high temperature and high geothermal energy. Experiment on the utilization of geothermal energy is conducted by use of abandoned wells in Liubei geothermal field.

With the gradual growth in global energy demand, energy supply has become a global strategic issue. It becomes more and more prominent that heavy oil is acting as an alternative energy with the gradual reduction of conventional oil and gas reserves. To take advantage of the research status of heavy oil's exploration and development, and thus to grasp the trend of their development, in this paper, survey and study are conducted based on a large number of research results of heavy oil including domestic and foreign research results. The definition, distribution, reservoir characteristics, formation and evolution, development techniques and upgrading techniques of heavy oil are summarized and a brief prospect of possible breakthroughs made in the is made. The research results may be good reference to the exploration and development of heavy oil.

As one of main drives of low-carbon economy and an important component of clean energy, liquefied natural gas (LNG) plays a more and more important role in primary energy supply. Incorporated with updated information of liquefaction plants involved by Chinese oil companies, the information about resource supply of global LNG plants is analyzed, the characteristics of LNG distribution worldwide is summarized, and LNG supply before 2020 is predicted according to the expected production order of LNG projects. Based on this, some recognitions about LNG resources and supply are proposed as follows: ① LNG resources are adequate in the coming 10 years; ② LNG resources are mainly distributed in Qatar, Iran, Australia and Nigeria, where recoverable reserves account for 82% of the total recoverable reserves worldwide; ③ LNG supply is predicted to increase by 9% annually