白云凹陷恩平组“源-汇”体系及其对油气勘探的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2017.02.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 恩平组是珠江口盆地白云凹陷深水区已证实的主力生烃层系，对其沉积演化规律及主控因素的认识是指导白云凹陷油气勘探的基础。基于钻井、岩心、地震、古生物等资料的综合研究认为，恩平组不同沉积时期的“源-汇”体系发生明显转变，恩平组沉积早-中期以凹陷周缘隆起区的中生界火成岩为主要物源区；恩平组沉积晚期，凹陷北部主物源通道逐渐开启，古珠江携带的华南褶皱带物源进入白云凹陷。受其影响，恩平组沉积早-中期白云凹陷发育古沟槽控制下的近物源的小型辫状河三角洲、扇三角洲及滩坝沉积，恩平组沉积晚期，则发育持续进积的大型煤系三角洲。“源-汇”体系的转变既控制了恩平组近岸煤系、远岸陆源海相、封闭海湾海相烃源岩的平面有序分布，以及早-中期煤系烃源岩分散分布、晚期广泛发育的纵向差异性；也导致了恩平组沉积早-中期发育近源扇三角洲、辫状水道复合体、滩坝成因为主的岩性-地层目标，晚期发育三角洲前缘前积复合砂体为主的岩性-地层目标。

关键词: 烃源岩, 沉积环境, 岩性地层油气藏, 恩平组, 珠江口盆地, 白云凹陷

Abstract: The Enping Formation is the main source rock that has been proven in deep water area of the Baiyun sag, the Pearl River Mouth Basin. Understanding its sedimentary evolution and key controlling factors is essential for oil and gas exploration in the Baiyun sag. Through comprehensive analysis of wells, cores, seismic data and palaeo-biology, it is believed that the "source to sink" system apparently varied during different sedimentary stages of the Enping Formation. During the early-middle sedimentation stage, the main provenances were the Mesozoic igneous rocks in the uplift areas around the Baiyun sag. during the late sedimentary stage, the source materials were carried by the ancient Pearl River into the Baiyun sag from the South China fold belt as the principal migration pathways in the north of the sag were gradually opened. Correspondingly, proximal small braided delta, fan delta and beach bar dominated by paleo-troughs were deposited in the Baiyun sag during the early-middle sedimentation stage of the Enping Formation, and large continuously-transgressive coal delta was deposited during the late sedimentation stage. The variation of "source to sink" system dominated the plane distribution of the Enping Formation near-shore coal measure, far-shore terrestrial marine and closed bay marine source rocks, and controlled the dispersed distribution of coal-measure source rocks during the early-middle stage and the vertical diversity of extensive development during the late stage. Moreover, the variation of "source to sink" system allowed for the development of lithologic-stratigraphic targets that were mainly derived from proximal fan delta, braided channel complex and beach bar during the early-middle sedimentation stage, and the lithologic-stratigraphic targets dominated by delta-front transgressive complex sand bodies during the late stage.

Key words: source rock, sedimentary environment, lithologic-stratigraphic reservoir, Enping Formation, Pearl River Mouth Basin, Baiyun sag

中图分类号:

TE111.3

韩银学, 陈莹, 杨海长, 王龙颖, 沈怀磊, 郭帅, 纪沫, 曾智伟. 白云凹陷恩平组“源-汇”体系及其对油气勘探的影响[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2017, 22(2): 24-34.

Han Yinxue, Chen Ying, Yang Haichang, Wang Longying, Shen Huailei, Guo Shuai, Ji Mo, Zeng Zhiwei. “Source to sink” of Enping Formation and its effects on oil and gas exploration in Baiyun sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2017, 22(2): 24-34.

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