基于ICP技术的天然气水合物开采方案

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2017.05.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 天然气水合物（NGH）矿产储量巨大，燃烧后几乎不产生任何残渣，是一种高效利用的清洁能源。为了提出天然气水合物切实可行的开采方案，对天然气水合物成藏特点进行分析，通过当前室内研究的天然气水合物开采方法比较，并考虑到真实开采过程中可能出现的地层破坏问题，在CO₂乳状液置换天然气水合物中CH₄实验和页岩油ICP开采技术的启发下，最终制订出一套具有井工厂特点的天然气水合物开采方案。研究得出：ICP技术核心工艺冷冻墙、加热井井网布置能有效克服热散失，并持续提供热量促进天然气水合物分解。CO₂乳状液置换技术能在高效产出CH₄情况下形成CO₂水合物，防止地层因为天然气水合物分解而产生的地层破坏。注采监测系统的部署能实时监控生产反应过程，可操作性强，控制精度高。

关键词: 天然气水合物, 开采, 地层破坏, CO₂乳状液置换, ICP技术

Abstract: Natural gas hydrate (NGH), with huge reserves, is a type of highly efficient and clean energy producing hardly any burning waste. In order to work out a practical NGH exploitation scheme, the accumulation features of NGH were identified, and the exploitation methods tested in laboratory were compared. Finally, a well-factory NGH exploitation scheme was proposed on the basis of the experiment of CH₄ displacement by CO₂ emulsion and the ICP shale oil extraction technology, which takes possible formation damage into account. The study results reveal that the frozen wall and heating well pattern arrangement, as core processes of ICP technology, can effectively prevent heat loss and provide heat consistently for NGH decomposition. The CO₂ emulsion replacement technology can generate CO₂ hydrate while effectively producing CH₄, so that the formation can be protected from damage due to NGH decomposition. The injection and production monitoring system can monitor the production process in a real-time manner, with high operability and precision.

Key words: natural gas hydrate (NGH), exploitation, formation damage, CO₂ emulsion replacement, ICP technology

中图分类号:

TE122.2

杨远, 肖传桃, 李永臣, 黄庆东, 陈辉娜, 李建忠. 基于ICP技术的天然气水合物开采方案[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2017, 22(5): 111-118.

Yang Yuan, Xiao Chuantao, Li Yongchen, Huang Qingdong, Chen Huina, li Jianzhong. Exploitation of natural gas hydrate based on ICP technology[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2017, 22(5): 111-118.

参考文献

[1] 宁伏龙,刘力,李实,张可,蒋国盛,吴能友,等.天然气水合物储层测井评价及其影响因素[J].石油学报,2013,34(3):591-606. Ning Fulong, Liu Li, Li Shi, Zhang Ke, Jiang Guosheng, Wu Nengyou, et al. Well logging assessment of natural gas hydrate reservoirs and relevant influential factors[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2013,34(3):591-606.
[2] 李芳芳,刘晓栋.天然气水合物开采新技术及其工业化开采的制约因素[J].特种油气藏,2010,17(3):1-3. Li Fangfang, Liu Xiaodong. New technology of gas hydrate recovery and constraints on commercial recovery[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2010,17(3):1-3.
[3] 张永勤.国外天然气水合物勘探现状及我国水合物勘探进展[C]. 2010全国探矿工程学术论坛,2010:1-8. Zhang Yongqin. Exploration current status of the gas hydrate abroad and the progress of the gas hydrate in China[C]. Exploration Engineering Academic Forum of China 2010, 2010:1-8.
[4] 吴能友,黄丽,苏正,杨胜雄,王宏斌,梁金强.海洋天然气水合物开采潜力地质评价指标研究:理论与方法[J].天然气工业,2013, 33(7):11-17. Wu Nengyou, Huang Li, Su Zheng, Yang Shengxiong, Wang Hongbin, Liang Jinqiang. A study of geological evaluation indicators for the exploitation potential of marine natural gas hydrates:theory and methodology[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2013,33(7):11-17.
[5] Sakamoto Y, Komai T, Kawabe Y, Tenma N, & Yamaguchi T. Gas hydrate extraction from marine sediments by heat stimulation method. In The Fourteenth International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers. 2004:52-55.
[6] 思娜,安雷,邓辉,孙键,光新军.天然气水合物开采技术研究进展及思考[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(5):52-61. Si Na, An Lei, Deng Hui, Sun Jian, Guang Xinjun. Discussion on natural gas hydrate production technologies[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2016,21(5):52-61.
[7] 李淑霞,陈月明,杜庆军.天然气水合物开采方法及数值模拟研究评述[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2006,30(3):146-150. Li Shuxia, Chen Yueming, Du Qingjun. Commentary of production method and numerical simulation of natural gas hydrates[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science, 2006,30(3):146-150.
[8] 许红,孙和清.马立克2L-38井气水合物的观测报告[J].海洋地质动态,2001,17(1):24-25. Xu Hong, Sun Heqing. Observation report of gas hydrate in Marek 2L-38 well[J]. Marine Geology Letters, 2001,17(1):24-25.
[9] Sakamoto Y, Komai T, Kawamura T, Minagawa H, Tenma N, Yamaguchi T. Modification of permeability model and history matching of laboratory-scale experiment for dissociation process of methane hydrate:Part 2-Numerical study for estimation of permeability in methane hydrate reservoir[J]. International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering, 2007,17(1):57-66.
[10] 邓磊,文志刚,刘蕴,董纹希,刘聪.漠河盆地漠河组天然气水合物潜在气源岩评价[J].特种油气藏,2015,22(5):33-37. Deng Lei, Wen Zhigang, Liu Yun, Dong Wenxi, Liu Cong.Evaluation of potential gas source rock of gas hydrate in Mohe Formation, the Mohe Basin[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2015,22(5):33-37.
[11] 苏新.海洋天然气水合物分布与"气-水-沉积物"动态体系——大洋钻探204航次调查初步结果的启示[J].中国科学D辑,2004, 34(12):1091-1099. Su Xin. The implications of marine gas hydrate distribution and "gas-water-sediment" dynamic system——the preliminary results of ocean drilling 204 voyage survey[J]. Science in China Series D, 2004,34(12):1091-1099.
[12] Trehu A M, Bohrmann G, Rack F R. Proceedings of the ocean drilling program,initial reports,leg204[M]. College Station,Texas:Texas A&M University(Ocean Drilling Program),2003:55-125.
[13] Ecker C, Dvorkin J, Nur A. Sediments with gas hydrates:Internal structure from seismic AVO[J]. Geophysics, 1998, 63(5):1659-1669.
[14] Grevemeyer I, Villinger H. Gas hydrate stability and the assessment of heat flow through continental margins[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2001,145(3):647-660.
[15] 张英,郭依群,莫午零,胡玉波.南海北部水合物中天然气成因及形成条件[J].现代地质,2013(5):1180-1185. Zhang Ying, Guo Yiqun, Mo Wuling, Hu Yubo. Genesis and generation condition of natural gas in gas hydrate in the northern South China Sea[J]. Geoscience, 2013(5):1180-1185.
[16] Dickens G R. Rethinking the global carbon cycle with a large, dynamic and microbially mediated gas hydrate capacitor[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2003,213(3-4):169-183.
[17] 曾小明,于兴河,王建忠,匡增桂.南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物分布的主控因素[J].海洋地质前沿,2013,29(10):31-40. Zeng Xiaoming, Yu Xinghe, Wang Jianzhong, Kuang Zenggui. Controlling factors of natural gas hydrate in the north of Shenhu area, South China Sea[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2013,29(10):31-40.
[18] 宁伏龙,张可霓,吴能友,蒋国盛,张凌,刘力,等.钻井液侵入海洋含水合物地层的一维数值模拟研究[J].地球物理学报,2013, 56(1):204-218. Ning Fulong, Zhang Keni, Wu Nengyou, Jiang Guosheng, Zhang Ling, Liu Li, et al. Invasion of water-based drilling mud into oceanic gas-hydrate-bearing sediment:One-dimensional numerical simulations[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2013,56(1):204-218.
[19] 白玉湖,李清平,赵颖,杜燕.水合物藏降压开采实验及数值模拟[J]. 工程热物理学报,2010(2):295-298. Bai Yuhu, Li Qingping, Zhao Ying, Du Yan. Experimental and numerical simulation of pressure reduction in gas hydrate reservoir[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2010(2):295-298.
[20] 苏正,陈多福.海洋环境甲烷水合物溶解度及其对水合物发育特征的控制[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(5):1518-1526. Su Zheng, Chen Duofu. Calculation of methane hydrate solubility in marine environment and its constraints on gas hydrate occurrence[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2007,50(5):1518-1526.
[21] 苏正,何勇,吴能友.南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物热激发开采潜力的数值模拟分析[J].热带海洋学报,2012,31(5):74-82. Su Zheng, He Yong, Wu Nengyou. Numerical simulation on production potential of hydrate deposits by thermal stimulation[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2012,31(5):74-82.
[22] 何家雄,颜文,祝有海,张伟,龚发雄,刘士林,等.南海北部边缘盆地生物气/亚生物气资源与天然气水合物成矿成藏[J].天然气工业,2013,33(6):121-134. He Jiaxiong, Yan Wen, Zhu Youhai, Zhang Wei, Gong Faxiong, Liu Shilin, et al. Bio-genetic and sub-biogenetic gas resource potential and genetic types of natural gas hydrates in the northern marginal basins of South China Sea[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2013,33(6):121-134.
[23] 王祝文,李舟波,刘菁华.天然气水合物的测井识别和评价[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2003,23(2):97-102. Wang Zhuwen, Li Zhoubo, Liu Jinghua. Logging identification and evaluation methods for gas hydrate[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2003,23(2):97-102.
[24] 梁劲,王明君,陆敬安,梁金强,王宏斌,匡增桂.南海北部神狐海域含天然气水合物沉积层的速度特征[J].天然气工业,2013,33(7):29-35. Liang Jin, Wang Mingjun, Lu Jing'an, Liang Jinqiang, Wang Hongbin, Kuang Zenggui. Characteristics of sonic and seismic velocities of gas hydrate bearing sediments in the Shenhu area, northern South China Sea[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2013, 33(7):29-35.
[25] 王力锋,赵克斌,黄欣.南海北部陆坡热流与天然气水合物赋藏研究[J]. 石油实验地质,2009,31(1):58-62. Wang Lifeng, Zhao Kebin, Huang Xin. A study on geothermics and occurrence of gas hydrates in the northern slope of the South China Sea[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2009,31(1):58-62.
[26] 王平康,祝有海,卢振权,郭星旺,黄霞.祁连山冻土区天然气水合物岩性和分布特征[J].地质通报,2011,30(12):1839-1850. Wang Pingkang, Zhu Youhai, Lu Zhenquan, Guo Xingwang, Huang Xia. Gas hydrate in the Qilian Mountain permafrost and its distribution characteristics[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2011,30(12):1839-1850.
[27] 梁金强,王宏斌,苏新,付少英,王力峰,郭依群,等.南海北部陆坡天然气水合物成藏条件及其控制因素[J].天然气工业,2014, 34(7):128-135. Liang Jinqiang, Wang Hongbin, Su Xin, Fu Shaoying, Wang Lifeng, Guo Yiqun, et al. Natural gas hydrate formation conditions and the associated controlling factors in the northern slope of the South China Sea[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2014,34(7):128-135.
[28] 张旭辉,鲁晓兵,王淑云,李清平,姚海元.天然气水合物快速加热分解导致地层破坏的实验[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2011, 31(1):157-164. Zhang Xuhui, Lu Xiaobing, Wang Shuyun, Li Qingping, Yao Haiyuan. Experiments on formation damage caused by rapid pyrolysis of gas hydrate[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2011,31(1):157-164.
[29] 刘胜英,王世辉,陈春瑞,钟延秋,郑玉龙.壳牌公司页岩油开采技术与进展[J].大庆石油学院学报,2007,31(3):53-55. Liu Shengying, Wang Shihui, Chen Chunrui, Zhong Yanqiu, Zheng Yulong. Shell shale oil recovery technique and its progress[J]. Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute, 2007,31(3):53-55.
[30] 苏丕波,沙志彬,常少英,梁金强,付少英.珠江口盆地东部海域天然气水合物的成藏地质模式[J].天然气工业,2014,34(6):162-168. Su Pibo, Sha Zhibin, Chang Shaoying, Liang Jinqiang, Fu Shaoying. Geological models of gas hydrate formation in the eastern sea area of the Pearl River Mouth Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2014,34(6):162-168.
[31] 周锡堂,樊栓狮,梁德青.CO₂乳状液置换天然气水合物中CH₄的动力学研究[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(2):259-264. Zhou Xitang, Fan Shuanshi, Liang Deqing. Kinetic research on replacement of methane in gas hydrate with carbon dioxide emulsion[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2013,24(2):259-264.
[32] 周锡堂,樊栓狮,梁德青.用电导性监测天然气水合物的形成和分解[J]. 天然气地球科学,2007,18(4):593-595. Zhou Xitang, Fan Shuanshi, Liang Deqing. Detecting formation and decomposition of NGH by measuring conductivity[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2007,18(4):593-595.