湘中坳陷涟源凹陷湘页1井大隆组页岩气地质特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2021.01.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为评价湘中坳陷涟源凹陷二叠系大隆组页岩气成藏地质条件，部署实施了该区首口以大隆组为目的层的页岩气参数井——湘页1 井。充分利用湘页1 井钻井、岩心、测井及分析测试资料，开展大隆组岩石矿物组成特征、沉积特征、有机地球化学特征、储集物性特征、含气性等地质条件分析。研究结果表明：湘页1 井大隆组页岩形成于缺氧的较深水台盆相沉积环境，有利于页岩发育和有机质保存，优质页岩厚度大（TOC 大于2% 的页岩厚 92.8m）、有机质丰度高（TOC 为0.41%～10.47%，平均为3.91%）、热演化程度适中（R o 为1.50％～ 1.72％，平均为1.58%），微观孔隙结构以中孔和大孔为主，微裂缝发育，页岩脆性指数高，两向水平主应力差值小，有利于压裂形成复杂网络裂缝，具备形成页岩气藏的基本地质条件；保存条件是影响页岩含气性的关键因素，湘页1 井大隆组页岩进入生烃期以后，经历了3 期明显的构造抬升剥蚀，以致现今埋藏浅，距离剥蚀区近，向斜构造页岩气易横向逸散，同时腐殖型干酪根产烃率相对较低也影响其含气性。构造形态宽缓、埋深较大、远离剥蚀区、翼部发育反向逆断层有利于残留向斜型页岩气富集。

关键词: 涟源凹陷, 湘页1 井, 大隆组, 常压页岩气

Abstract: In the Lianyuan Sag of the Xiangzhong Depression, Well Xiangye 1 was deployed and implemented to evaluate the geological conditions for accumulation of shale gas in the Permian Dalong Formation. It was the first shale gas parameter well with the Dalong Formation as the target layer. In this study, the geological conditions of shale targets in the Dalong Formation are
analyzed using data from drilling, cores, well logging, and lab test results from Well Xiangye 1, including the sedimentary characteristics,rock minerals composition, organic geochemical characteristics, reservoir physical properties, and gas-bearing properties of the Dalong Formation. The results show that the Dalong Formation shale in Well Xiangye 1 is developed in an anoxic and deep-water platform-basin sedimentary environment, which is conducive to the development of shale and the preservation of organic matter. The thickness of high-quality shale is great (shale thickness is 92.8 m with TOC greater than 2%), there is a high
abundance of organic matter (TOC ranges from 0.41% to 10.47%, with an average of 3.91%), and the thermal evolution degree is moderate (Ro ranges from 1.50% to 1.72%, with an average of 1.58%). The pore structure of the shale reservoir is dominated by mesopores and macropores, with micro-fractures developed. The brittleness index of the shale is high, and the difference in
two-dimensional principal stress is small, which is conducive to the formation of a complex fracture network by hydraulic fracturing.The combination of these parameters indicates that the basic geological conditions are favorable for accumulation of shale gas. However, the preservation conditions are the key factor affecting the gas-bearing properties of the shale. After entering the period of hydrocarbon generation, the Dalong Formation shale in Well Xiangye 1 experienced three distinct phases of tectonic uplift and denudation, which resulted in the current shallow burial depth of the shale and its proximity to the denudation area. Shale gas in synclinal structures was easily able to escape laterally, and the hydrocarbon generation rate of humic kerogen was relatively low; both factors affected the gas-bearing properties of shale in the Dalong Formation. The area far away from the denudation zone, with a wide and gentle structure and great burial depth, and with reverse faults developed in the wings, is more favorable for the accumulation of residual syncline type shale gas.

中图分类号:

汪凯明, 何希鹏, 许玉萍, 金伟. 湘中坳陷涟源凹陷湘页1井大隆组页岩气地质特征[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2021, 26(1): 86-98.

Wang Kaiming, He Xipeng, Xu Yuping, Jin Wei. Geological characteristics of shale gas in the Dalong Formation in Well Xiangye 1 in the Lianyuan Sag, Xiangzhong Depression#br#[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021, 26(1): 86-98.

参考文献

[1] 张大伟，李玉喜，张金川，等．全国页岩气资源潜力调查评价[M]. 北京: 地质出版社，2012. Zhang Dawei, Li Yuxi, Zhang Jinchuan, et al . Investigation and evaluation of shale gas resource potential in China [M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2012.
[2] 郭彤楼，张汉荣．四川盆地焦石坝页岩气田形成与富集高产模式[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2014,41(1):28-36. Guo Tonglou, Zhang Hanrong. Formation and enrichment mode of Jiaoshiba shale gas field, Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2014,41(1):28-36.
[3] 王志刚．涪陵页岩气勘探开发重大突破与启示[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2015,36(1):1-6. Wang Zhigang. Breakthrough of Fuling shale gas exploration and development and its inspiration[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2015,36(1):1-6.
[4] 何治亮，聂海宽，张钰莹．四川盆地及其周缘奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙马溪组页岩气富集主控因素分析[J]. 地学前缘，2016,23(2):8-17. He Zhiliang, Nie Haikuan, Zhang Yuying. The main factors of shale gas enrichment of Ordovician Wufeng Formation- Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin and its adjacent areas[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2016,23(2):8-17.
[5] 赵文智，李建忠，杨涛，等．中国南方海相页岩气成藏差异性比较与意义[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2016,43(4):499-510. Zhao Wenzhi, Li Jianzhong, Yang Tao, et al . Geological difference and its significance of marine shale gases in South China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2016,43(4):499-510.
[6] 翟刚毅，包书景，王玉芳，等．古隆起边缘成藏模式与湖北宜昌页岩气重大发现[J]. 地球学报, 2017,38(4):441-447. Zhai Gangyi, Bao Shujing, Wang Yufang, et al . Reservoir accumulation model at the edge of Palaeohigh and significant discovery of shale gas in Yichang Area, Hubei Province[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 2017,38(4):441-447.
[7] 马永生，蔡勋育，赵培荣．中国页岩气勘探开发理论认识与实践[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2018,45(4):705-713. Ma Yongsheng, Cai Xunyu, Zhao Peirong. China’s shale gas exploration and development: understanding and practice[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018,45(4):705-713.
[8] 董大忠，施振生，管全中，等．四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气勘探进展、挑战与前景[J]. 天然气工业, 2018,38(4):67-76. D o ng Dazhong, Shi Zhensheng, Guan Quanzhong, et al . Progress, challenges and prospects of shale gas exploration in the Wufeng-Longmaxi reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2018,38(4):67-76.
[9] 邹才能，龚剑明，王红岩，等．笔石生物演化与地层年代标定在页岩气勘探开发中的重大意义[J]. 中国石油勘探，2019,24(1): 1-6. Zou Caineng, Gong Jianming, Wang Hongyan, et al . Importance of graptolite evolution and biostratigraphic calibration on shale gas exploration[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2019,24(1):1-6.
[10] 方志雄．中国南方常压页岩气勘探开发面临的挑战及对策[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2019,9(5):1-13. Fang Zhixiong. Challenges and countermeasures for exploration and development of normal pressure shale gas in southern China[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2019,9(5):1-13.
[11] 赵文智，贾爱林，位云生，等．中国页岩气勘探开发进展及发展展望 [J]. 中国石油勘探，2020,25(1): 31-44. Zhao Wenzhi, Jia Ailin, Wei Yunsheng, et al . Progress in shale gas exploration in China and prospects for future development[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020,25(1):31-44.
[12] 李阳，薛兆杰，程喆，等．中国深层油气勘探开发进展与发展方向[J]. 中国石油勘探，2020,25(1):45-57. Li Yang, Xue Zhaojie, Cheng Zhe, et al . Progress and development directions of deep oil and gas exploration and development in China[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020, 25(1):45-57.
[13] 孙焕泉，周德华，蔡勋育，等．中国石化页岩气发展现状与趋势[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2020,25(2):14-26. Sun Huanquan, Zhou Dehua, Cai Xunyu, et al . Progress and prospect of shale gas development of Sinopec[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020,25(2):14-26.
[14] 淮银超，张铭，谭玉涵，等．西加盆地泥盆系页岩气储层最优化测井解释[J]. 特种油气藏, 2019,26(1):24-29. Huai Yinchao, Zhang Ming, Tan Yuhan, et al . Optimized log interpretation of devonian shale gas reservoir in Western Canada Basin[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2019,26(1):24-29.
[15] 马文礼，李治平，孙玉平，等．基于机器学习的页岩气产能非确定性预测方法研究[J]. 特种油气藏，2019,26(2):101-105. Ma Wenli, Li Zhiping, Sun Yuping, et al . Non-deterministic shale gas productivity forecast based on machine learning[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2019,26(2):101-105.
[16] 张春池，彭文泉，胡小辉，等．沾化凹陷沙河街组页岩气成藏条件研究[J]. 特种油气藏，2019,26(3):12-17. Zhang Chunchi, Peng Wenquan, Hu Xiaohui, et al . Shale gas accumulation conditions of Shahejie Formation in Zhanhua depression[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2019,26(3):12-17.
[17] 何顺，秦启荣，范存辉，等．川东南丁山地区页岩气保存条件分析[J]. 油气地质与采收率，2019,26(2):24-31. He Shun，Qin Qirong，Fan Cunhui，et al . Shale gas preservation conditions in Dingshan area，Southeastern Sichuan[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency，2019,26(2):24-31.
[18] 钟城，秦启荣，胡东风，等．川东南丁山地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气藏“六性”特征[J]. 油气地质与采收率，2019,26(2):14-23. Zhong Cheng，Qin Qirong，Hu Dongfeng，et al . Experimental study on “six properties” of shale gas reservoirs in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in Dingshan area，southeastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency， 2019,26(2):14-23.
[19] 周东升，许林峰，潘继平，等. 扬子地块上二叠统龙潭组页岩气勘探前景[J]. 天然气工业，2012,32(12):6-10. Zhou Dongsheng, Xu Linfeng, Pan Jiping, et al . Prospect of shale gas exploration in the Upper Permian Longtan Formation in the Yangtze Massif[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2012,32(12):6-10.
[20] 刘光祥，金之钧，邓模，等．川东地区上二叠统龙潭组页岩气勘探潜力[J]. 石油与天然气地质，2015,36(3):481-487. Liu Guangxiang, Jin Zhijun, Deng Mo, et al . Exploration potential for shale gas in the Upper Permian Longtan Formation in eastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2015,36(3):481-487.
[21] 包书景，林拓，聂海宽，等．海陆过渡相页岩气成藏特征初探：以湘中坳陷二叠系为例[J]. 地学前缘，2016,23(1):44-53. Bao Shujing, Lin Tuo, Nie Haikuan, et al . Preliminary study of the transitional facies shale gas reservoir characteristics: taking Permian in Xiangzhong depression as an example[J]. Geoscience Frontiers, 2016,23(1):44-53.
[22] 郭旭升，胡东风，刘若冰，等．四川盆地二叠系海陆过渡相页岩气地质条件及勘探潜力[J]. 天然气工业,2018,38(10):11-18. Guo Xusheng, Hu Dongfeng, Liu Ruobing, et al . Geological conditions and exploration potential of Permian marine-– continent transitional facies shale gas in the Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2018,38(10):11-18.
[23] 吴忠锐，何生，何希鹏，等．湘中涟源凹陷上二叠统龙潭组和大隆组海陆过渡相泥页岩孔隙结构特征及对比[J]. 地球科学，2019,44(11): 3757-3772. Wu Zhongrui, He Sheng, He Xipeng, et al . Pore structure characteristics and comparisons of Upper Permian Longtan and Dalong Formation transitional facies shale in Xiangzhong- Lianyuan depression[J]. Earth Science, 2019,44(11):3757-3772.
[24] 刘喜顺．湘中拗陷含油气保存条件研究[J]. 新疆石油天然气, 2008,4(2):15-20. Liu Xishun. Study on tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon reservoir forming rules in Xiangzhong depression[J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2008,4(2):15-20.
[25] 王明艳，郭建华，旷理雄，等．涟源坳陷中部构造带勘探潜力分析[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2005,16(5):85-90. Wang Mingyan, Guo Jianhua, Kuang Lixiong, et al . The tectonic characteristics of the middle structural belt in Lianyuan depression and its prospect on gas pool formation[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2005,16(5):85-90.
[26] 周进高，邓红婴，冯加良．湖南涟源凹陷构造演化与油气成藏研究[J]. 地质科学, 2003,38(1):44-51. Zhou Jingao, Deng Hongying, Feng Jialiang. Tectonic evolution and forming of hydrocarbon reservoir in the Lianyuan depression, Hunan[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2003,38(1):44-51.
[27] 肖正辉，牛现强，杨荣丰，等．湘中涟源—邵阳凹陷上二叠统大隆组页岩气储层特征[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2015,27(4):17-24. Xiao Zhenghui, Niu Xianqiang, Yang Rongfeng, et al . Reservoir characteristics of shale gas of Upper Permian Dalong Formation in Lianyuan-Shaoyang depression, central Hunan[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2015,27(4):17-24.
[28] Kimura H, Watanabe Y. Oceanic anoxia at the Precambrian- Cambrian boundary[J].Geology, 2001,29(11):995-998.
[29] 杨峰，宁正福，张世栋，等．基于氮气吸附实验的页岩孔隙结构表征 [J]. 天然气工业, 2013,33(4):135-140. Yang Feng, Ning Zhengfu, Zhang Shidong, et al. Characterization of pore structures in shales through nitrogen adsorption experiment[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(4):135-140.
[30] 张烈辉，郭晶晶，唐洪明，等．四川盆地南部下志留统龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构特征[J]. 天然气工业，2015,35(3):22-29. Zhang Liehui, Guo Jingjing, Tang Hongming, et al . Pore structure characteristics of Longmaxi shale in the southern Sichuan Basin. Natural Gas Industry, 2015,35(3):22-29.
[31] 陈科洛，张廷山，陈晓慧，等．页岩微观孔隙模型构建：以滇黔北地区志留系龙马溪组页岩为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2018,45(3):396-405. Chen Keluo, Zhang Tingshan, Chen Xiaohui, et al . Model construction of micro-pores in shale: a case study of Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale in Dianqianbei area, SW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018,45(3):396-405.
[32] Sing K S W. Reporting physosorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity, IUPAC[J]. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 1985, 57(4):603-619.
[33] 王玉满，王宏坤，张晨晨，等．四川盆地南部深层五峰组—龙马溪组裂缝孔隙评价[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2017,44(4):531-539. Wang Yuman, Wang Hongkun, Zhang Chenchen, et al . Fracture pore evaluation of the Upper Ordovician Wufeng to Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formations in southern Sichuan Basin, SW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2017,44(4):531-539.
[34] 舒志国，关红梅，喻璐，等．四川盆地焦石坝地区页岩气储层孔隙参数测井评价方法[J]. 石油实验地质, 2018,40(1):38-43. Shu Zhiguo, Guan Hongmei, Yu Lu, et al . Well logging evaluation of pore parameters for shale gas reservoirs in Jiaoshiba area, Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2018,40(1):38-43.
[35] 黄第藩，李晋超．干酪根类型划分的X 图解[J]. 地球化学，1982,(1): 21-30. Huang Difan, Li Jinchao. X-diagram of kerogen classification and the characters of kerogen of standard humic type[J]. Geochimica, 1982,(1):21-30.
[36] 柳广弟，张厚福．石油地质学[M]. 北京：石油工业出版社，2009. Liu Guangdi，Zhang Houfu. Petroleum Geology[M]. Beijing： Petroleum Industry Press, 2009.
[37] 董大忠，高世葵，黄金亮，等．论四川盆地页岩气资源勘探开发前景[J]. 天然气工业, 2014,34(12):1-15. Dong Dazhong, Gao Shikui, Huang Jinliang, et al . A discussion on the shale gas exploration & development prospect in the Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2014,34(12):1-15.