陆相页岩油宏观结构测井评价及其甜点优选

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2023.01.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对中国陆相页岩油的岩性复杂、宏观结构类型多样、孔隙结构复杂以及含油特征复杂等基本地质特点与油藏特征，基于电成像、二维核磁共振、三分量感应和阵列声波等测井新技术资料的目标化处理成果所精细揭示的页岩油宏观结构特征与微观结构特征，提出了微观结构与宏观结构相融合的页岩油甜点评价新方法（简称“双结构甜点评价法”）。其技术内涵主要有：（1）基于图像边缘检测方法，建立了电成像测井评价地层宏观结构的处理技术及其处理参数的优选方法，并从测量原理、探测体积和井筒环境适用性等3个方面，系统剖析了电成像边缘检测法、三分量感应电各向异性法和阵列声波刚度法等3种宏观结构评价方法的适应性，进而提出优选应用方法；（2）基于典型区块页岩宏观结构特征的系统对比分析，并在岩心精细描述刻度下，建立了上述3种测井评价方法的宏观结构分类标准；（3）基于储层物性、含油性和脆性三要素的微观结构特征，提出了有利宏观结构优选方法。研究表明，松辽盆地古龙地区白垩系青山口组一段、鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长73亚段以及柴达木盆地英雄岭地区古近系下干柴沟组（E32）页岩油的甜点分别主要赋存在纹层状黏土质页岩、薄互层状硅质页岩和薄互层状灰云质页岩之中。

关键词: 页岩油, 宏观结构, 可动油含量, 脆性指数, 甜点, 测井

Abstract: By considering the basic geological conditions and reservoir characteristics of typical continental shale oil reservoirs in China,such as complex lithology, diversified macro-structure types, and complex pore structure and oil bearing properties, the targeted processing of new logging technologies, including electric imaging, 2D NMR, three-component induction and array acoustic waves, are conducted to finely describe the macro- and micro-structural characteristics of shale oil reservoir, and a new method fusing micro-structure and macro-structure (referred to as “double-structure sweet spot evaluation method”) is proposed to evaluate shale oil sweet spots. The main technical connotation includes: (1) Based on image edge detection method, the processing technology of electric imaging logging and optimal selection of processing parameters are researched to evaluate the formation macro-structure. In addition, the adaptability of three macro-structural evaluation methods,namely, the electric imaging logging edge detection method, three-component induction logging electric anisotropy method, and array acoustic logging stiffness coefficient method, is systematically analyzed from three aspects of measurement principle, detection volume and wellbore environment applicability, and the optimal application method is proposed. (2) Based on the systematic comparative analysis of macrostructural shale characteristics in typical blocks, and calibrated with the fine description of core samples, the macro-structural classification standards are established by using the above three logging evaluation methods. (3) Combined with the micro-structural characteristics of reservoir physical properties, oil-bearing properties and brittleness, a favorable optimization method for shale oil sweet interval is proposed based on the macro-structural characteristics. The study results show that the main sweet intervals in the first member of Qingshankou Formation (Qing 1 member) in Gulong area in Songliao Basin, the third sub member of the seventh member of Yanchang Formation (Chang 73 sub member) in Ordos Basin, and the upper part of the Paleogene Lower Ganchaigou Formation (E32) in Yingxiongling area in Qaidam Basin are developed in laminated clay shale, thin interbedded siliceous shale, and thin interbedded lime-dolomitic shale, respectively.

中图分类号:

P631.8

刘国强, 赵先然, 袁超, 李伸专, 刘忠华. 陆相页岩油宏观结构测井评价及其甜点优选[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2023, 28(1): 120-134.

Liu Guoqiang, Zhao Xianran, Yuan Chao, Li Shenzhuan, Liu Zhonghua. Logging evaluation of macro-structure of continental shale oil reservoir and sweet spots selection[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2023, 28(1): 120-134.

参考文献

[1] 胡素云，赵文智，侯连华，等. 中国陆相页岩油发展潜力与技术对策[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2020,47(4):819-828.
Hu Suyun, Zhao Wenzhi, Hou Lianhua, et al. Development potential and technical strategy of continental shale oil in China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2020,47(4):819-828.
[2] 何海清，范土芝，郭绪杰，等. 中国石油“十三五”油气勘探重大成果与“十四五”发展战略[J]. 中国石油勘探，2022,26(1):17-30.
He Haiqing, Fan Tuzhi, Guo Xujie, et al . Major achievements in oil and gas exploration of PetroChina during the 13th Five-Year Plan period and its development strategy for the 14th Five-Year Plan[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2022,26(1):17-30.
[3] 付金华，刘显阳，李士祥，等．鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7段页岩油勘探发现与资源潜力[J]. 中国石油勘探，2021,26(5):1-11.
Fu Jinhua, Liu Xianyang, Li Shixiang, et al . Discovery and resource potential of shale oil of Chang 7 member, Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021,26(5):1-11.
[4] 何文渊，何海清，王玉华，等．川东北地区平安1 井侏罗系凉高山组页岩油重大突破及意义[J]. 中国石油勘探，2022,27(1):40-49.
He Wenyuan, He Haiqing, Wang Yuhua, et al . Major breakthrough and significance of shale oil of the Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation in Well Ping’an 1 in northeastern Sichuan Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2022,27(1):40-49.
[5] 孙焕泉. 济阳坳陷页岩油勘探实践与认识[J]. 中国石油勘探，2017,22(4):1-14.
Sun Huanquan. Exploration practice and cognitions of shale oil in Jiyang Depression[J]. China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(4):1-14.
[6] 宋永，杨智峰，何文军，等．准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组碱湖型页岩油勘探进展[J]. 中国石油勘探，2022,27(1):60-72.
Song Yong, Yang Zhifeng, He Wenjun, et al . Exploration progress of alkaline lake type shale oil of the Permian Fengcheng Formation in Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2022,27(1):60-72.
[7] 魏志红，刘若冰，魏祥峰，等．四川盆地复兴地区陆相页岩油气勘探评价与认识[J]. 中国石油勘探，2022,27(1):111-119.
Wei Zhihong, Liu Ruobing, Wei Xiangfeng, et al . Exploration evaluation and recognition of continental shale oil and gas in Fuxing area, Sichuan Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration,2022,27(1):111-119.
[8] 黎茂稳，马晓潇，蒋启贵，等. 北美海相页岩油形成条件、富集特征与启示[J]. 油气地质与采收率，2019,26(1):13-28.
Li Maowen, Ma Xiaoxiao, Jiang Qigui, et al . Enlightenment from formation conditions and enrichment characteristics of marine shale oil in North America[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2019,26(1):13-28.
[9] 邹才能，潘松圻，荆振华，等. 页岩油气革命及影响[J]. 石油学报，2020,41(1):1-12.
Zou Caineg, Pan Songqi, Jing Zhenhua, et al . Shale oil and gas revolution and its impact[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2020, 41(1):1-12.
[10] 崔宝文，陈春瑞，林旭东，等. 松辽盆地古龙页岩油甜点特征及分布[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发，2020,39(3):45-55.
Cui Baowen, Chen Chunrui, Lin Xudong, et al . Characteristics and distribution of sweet spots in Gulong shale oil reservoirs ofSongliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2020,39(3):45-55.
[11] 金之钧，朱如凯，梁新平，等. 当前陆相页岩油勘探开发值得关注的几个问题[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2021,48(6):1276-1287.
Jin Zhijun, Zhu Rukai, Liang Xinping, et al . Several issues worthy of attention in current lacustrine shale oil exploration and development[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2021,48(6):1276-1287.
[12] 胡素云，白斌，陶士振，等. 中国陆相中高成熟度页岩油非均质地质条件与差异富集特征[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2022,49(2):224-237.
Hu Suyun, Bai Bin, Tao Shizhen, et al . Heterogeneous geological conditions and differential enrichment of medium and high maturity continental shale oil in China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2022,49(2):224-237.
[13] 韩文中，赵贤正，金凤鸣，等. 渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷孔二段湖相页岩油甜点评价与勘探实践[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2021,48(4):777-786.
Han Wenzhong, Zhao Xianzheng, Jin Fengming, et al. Sweet spots evaluation and exploration of lacustrine shale oil of the second member of Paleogene Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2021,48(4):777-786.
[14] 朱德顺. 陆相湖盆页岩油富集影响因素及综合评价方法：以东营凹陷和沾化凹陷为例[J]. 新疆石油地质，2019,40(3):269-275.
Zhu Deshun. Influencing factor analysis and comprehensive evaluation method of lacustrine shale oil: cases from Dongying and Zhanhua Sags[J] .Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2019,40(3): 269-275.
[15] 刘国强. 非常规油气勘探测井评价技术的挑战与对策[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2021,48(5):891-902.
Liu Guoqiang. Challenges and countermeasures of log evaluation in unconventional petroleum exploration[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2021,48(5):891-902.
[16] 柳波，石佳欣，付晓飞，等. 陆相泥页岩层系岩相特征与页岩油富集条件：以松辽盆地古龙凹陷白垩系青山口组一段富有机质泥页岩为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2018,45(5):828-838.
Liu Bo, Shi Jiaxin, Fu Xiaofei, et al . Petrological characteristics and shale oil enrichment of lacustrine finegrained sedimentary system: a case study of organic-rich shale in first member of Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin, NE China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018,45(5):828-838.
[17] 姜在兴，孔祥鑫，杨叶芃，等. 陆相碳酸盐质细粒沉积岩及油气甜点多源成因[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2021,48(1):26-37.
Jiang Zaixing, Kong Xiangxin, Yang Yepeng, et al . Multisource genesis of continental carbonate-rich fine-grained sedimentary rocks and hydrocarbon sweet spots[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2021,48(1):26-37.
[18] 匡立春，侯连华，杨智，等. 陆相页岩油储层评价关键参数及方法[J].石油学报，2021,42(1):1-14.
Kuang Lichun, Hou Lianhua, Yang Zhi, et al . Key parameters and methods of lacustrine shale oil reservoir characterization[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2021,42(1):1-14.
[19] 刘惠民．济阳坳陷页岩油勘探实践与前景展望[J]. 中国石油勘探，2022,27(1):73-87.
Liu Huimin. Exploration practice and prospect of shale oil in Jiyang Depression[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2022,27(1):73-87.
[20] 宋明水，刘惠民，王勇，等. 济阳坳陷古近系页岩油富集规律认识与勘探实践[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2020,47(2):225-235.
Song Mingshui, Liu Huimin, Wang Yong, et al . Enrichment rules and exploration practices of Paleogene shale oil in Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2020,47(2):225-235.
[21] 国家市场监督管理总局，国家标准化管理委员会. 页岩油地质评价方法：GB/T 38718—2020[S]. 北京：中国标准出版社，2020.
State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Geological evaluating methods for shale oil：GB/T 38718-2020[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2020.
[22] 李国欣，刘国强，侯雨庭，等. 陆相页岩油有利岩相优选与压裂参数优化方法[J]. 石油学报，2021,42(11):1405-1416.
Li Guoxin, Liu Guoqiang, Hou Yuting, et al . The method of favorable lithofacies optimal determination and fracturing parameter optimization for lacustrine shale oil, Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2021,42(11):1405-1416.
[23] 蒲秀刚，金凤鸣，韩文中，等．陆相页岩油甜点地质特征与勘探关键技术：以沧东凹陷孔店组二段为例[J]．石油学报，2019,40(8):997-1012．
Pu Xiugang, Jin Fengming, Han Wenzhong,et al . Sweet spots geological characteristics and key exploration technologies of continental shale oil: a case study of member 2 of Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Sag[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2019,40(8):997-1012.
[24] 周立宏，蒲秀刚，肖敦清，等. 渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷孔二段页岩油形成条件及富集主控因素[J]. 天然气地球科学，2018,29(9):1323-1332.
Zhou Lihong, Pu Xiugang, Xiao Dunqing, et al . Geological conditions for shale oil formation and the main controlling factors for the enrichment of the 2nd member of Kongdian Formation in the Cangdong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2018,29(9):1323-1332.
[25] 金旭，李国欣，孟思炜，等. 陆相页岩油可动用性微观综合评价[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2021,48(1):222-232.
Jin Xu, Li Guoxin, Meng Siwei, et al . Microscale comprehensive evaluation of continental shale oil recoverability[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2021,48(1):222-232.
[26] 王俊超，李嘉成，陈希，等. 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组页岩油立体井网整体压裂设计技术研究与实践[J]. 石油科技论坛，2022,41(2):62-68.
Wang Junchao, Li Jiacheng, Chen Xi, et al . Research and practice of integrated fracturing design technology for 3D well pattern of Permian Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar Depressionin Junggar Basin[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2022,41(2):62-68.
[27] 李翠锦，瞿中. 基于深度学习的图像边缘检测算法综述[J]. 计算机应用，2020,40(11):3280-3288.
Li Cuijin, Qu Zhong. Review of image edge detection algorithms based on deep learning[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2020,40(11):3280-3288.
[28] 唐向宏，贺振华. 图像边缘检测方法在薄地层识别中的应用[J]. 石油地球物理勘探，2002,37(2):163-165.
Tang Xianghong, He Zhenhua. Study for application of image edges detection to thin-layer recognition[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2002,37(2):163-165.
[29] 刘传奇，宋俊亭，薛明星. 边缘检测技术在砂体连通研究中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展，2022,37(2):844-850.
Liu Chuanqi, Song Junting, Xue Mingxing. Application of edge detection technology in sand connectivity research[J]. Processing in Geophysics, 2022,37(2):844-850.
[30] Maini R, Aggarwal H. Study and comparison of various image edge detection techniques[J]. International Journal of Image Processing, 2009,3(1):1-11.
[31] Canny J. A computational approach to edge detection[J]. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 1986,8(6):679-698.
[32] 袁超，李潮流，周灿灿，等. 各向异性地层阵列侧向电阻率响应仿真模拟及应用[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2020,47(1):77-85.
Yuan Chao, Li Chaoliu, Zhou Cancan, et al . Forward simulation of array laterolog resistivity in anisotropic formation and its application[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2020,47(1):77-85.
[33] Marti A. The role of electrical anisotropy in magnetotelluric response: from modelling and dimensionality analysis to inversion and interpretation[J]. Surveys in Geophysics, 2014, 35:179-218.
[34] 刘国强，赵先然，袁超，等. 测井新技术应用方法与典型实例[M]. 北京：科学出版社，2021.
Liu Guoqiang, Zhao Xianran, Yuan Chao, et al . Application methods and typical cases of new well logging techniques[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2021.
[35] 李潮流，袁超，李霞，等. 致密砂岩电学各向异性测井评价与声电各向异性一致性分析[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2020,47(2):427-434.
Li Chaoliu, Yuan Chao, Li Xia, et al . Anisotropy interpretation and the coherence research between resistivity and acoustic anisotropy in tight sands[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2020,47(2):427-434.
[36] 朱晓萌，朱文兵，曹剑，等. 页岩油可动性表征方法研究进展[J]. 新疆石油地质，2019,40(6):745-753.
Zhu Xiaomeng, Zhu Wenbing, Cao Jian, et al . Research progress on shale oil mobility characterization[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2019,40(6):745-753.
[37] 董明哲，李亚军，桑茜，等. 页岩油流动的储层条件和机理[J]. 石油与天然气地质，2019,40(3):636-644.
Dong Mingzhe, Li Yajun, Sang Qian, et al . Reservoir conditions and mechanism of shale oil flow[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2019,40(3):636-644.
[38] 黄振凯，郝运轻，李双建，等. 鄂尔多斯盆地长7 段泥页岩层系含油气性与页岩油可动性评价：以H317 井为例[J]. 中国地质，2020,47(1):211-219.
Huang Zhenkai, Hao Yunqing, Li Shuangjian, et al . Oilbearing potential, mobility evaluation and significance of shale oil in Chang 7 shale system in the Ordos Basin: a case study of well H317[J]. Geology in China, 2020,47(1):211-219.
[39] 孙龙德. 古龙页岩油[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发，2020,39(3):1-7.
Sun Longde. Gulong shale oil in Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqiang, 2020,39(3):1-7.
[40] 刘占国，张永庶，宋光永，等. 柴达木盆地英西地区咸化湖盆混积碳酸盐岩岩相特征与控储机制[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2021,48(1):68-80.
Liu Zhanguo, Zhang Yongshu, Song Guangyong, et al . Mixed carbonate rocks lithofacies features and reservoirs controlling mechanisms in the saline lacustrine basin in Yingxi area, Qaidam Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2021,48(1):68-80.
[41] 李国欣，朱如凯，张永庶，等. 柴达木盆地英雄岭页岩油地质特征、评价标准及发现意义[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2022,49(1):18-31.
Li Guoxin, Zhu Rukai, Zhang Yongshu, et al . Geological characteristics, evaluation criteria and discovery significance of Paleogene Yingxiongling shale oil in Qaidam Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2022,49(1): 18-31.