米仓山震旦系灯影组流体充注特征及油气成藏过程

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2024.02.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着深层—超深层海相油气的勘探新发现，四川盆地北缘米仓山区域海相碳酸盐岩因具备优质的烃源岩条件被广泛关注，但其复杂的成藏、改造和调整过程尚未明确。文章使用扫描电镜、流体包裹体、U—Pb年代学等手段，聚焦米仓山震旦系灯影组成藏流体活动和沥青特征，揭示其多期成藏改造与调整过程。米仓山灯影组储层普遍发育纤维状—细晶白云石（486Ma±5Ma）→中—粗晶白云石（413Ma±5Ma）→鞍状白云石（268Ma±8Ma）→石英/萤石/铅锌矿（205Ma±10Ma）→沥青（123Ma±4Ma）5期流体活动过程；储层溶蚀孔洞普遍形成团块状、环边状原位沥青和角砾状、破碎状异位沥青。空间对比揭示，米仓山古隆起—山前带—前陆盆地总体体现出沥青丰度减少、原位沥青相对增加、异位沥青相对减少的特征；结合矿物充填序列表明，上寒武统—志留系细晶白云石、中—粗晶白云石主要富含低成熟度有机烃包裹体，中—上二叠统鞍形白云石和上三叠统石英等矿物捕获包裹体成熟度相对较高。综上所述，沥青和包裹体特征显示米仓山古隆起和山前带在二叠纪—侏罗纪先后成为古油气聚集中心（即生气中心和储气中心），晚期构造变形使原生古油藏破坏，油气运聚中心转移至前陆盆地。

关键词: 米仓山, 灯影组, 原位沥青, 异位沥青, 烃类包裹体

Abstract: Associated with the new discovery of marine oil and gas in deep and ultra-deep formations, close attention has widely been attached on the high-quality source rock conditions of marine carbonate rocks in Micangshan area in the northern margin of Sichuan Basin. However, there is a lack of clear understanding on the complex hydrocarbon accumulation, transformation and adjustment processes. The scanning electron microscopy, fluid inclusions, U-Pb geochronology and other means are used to study fluid activity and bitumen characteristics in the Sinian Dengying Formation in Micangshan area, so as to identify multi-stage hydrocarbon accumulation, transformation and adjustment processes. Five stages of fluid activities generally occurred in Dengying Formation reservoir in Micangshan area, i.e., fibrous-fine crystalline dolomite (486 Ma±5 Ma) → medium-coarse crystalline dolomite (413 Ma±5 Ma) → saddle dolomite (268 Ma±8 Ma) → quartz/fluorite/lead-zinc ore (205 Ma±10 Ma) → bitumen (123 Ma±4 Ma). The lumpy, rim-shaped autochthonous bitumen and brecciated, broken allochthonous bitumen were commonly developed in dissolution pores. The spatial comparison shows that from Micangshan paleo uplift, piedmont zone, to the foreland basin, the bitumen abundance decreases as a whole, the autochthonous bitumen relatively increases and the allochthonous bitumen relatively decreases. The further mineral filling sequence study shows that the low-maturity organic hydrocarbon inclusions were mainly developed in fine and medium-coarse crystalline dolomite in the Late Cambrian-Silurian, while the mineral-captured inclusions such as saddle dolomite in the Middle-Late Permian and quartz in the Late Triassic had a relatively high maturity. In summary, the bitumen and inclusion characteristics show that Micangshan paleo uplift and piedmont zone were the paleo oil and gas accumulation center (gas generation and storage center) in the Permian-Jurassic. The primary oil reservoirs were damaged by late tectonic deformation, and the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation center moved to the foreland basin.

中图分类号:

TE112.116

邓宾, 田腾振, 李泽奇, 吴娟, 李文正, 鲁鹏达, 姜华, 曹涛, 孙玮, 刘树根. 米仓山震旦系灯影组流体充注特征及油气成藏过程[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2024, 29(2): 98-111.

Deng Bin, Tian Tengzhen, Li Zeqi, Wu Juan, Li Wenzheng, Lu Pengda, Jiang Hua, Cao Tao, Sun Wei, Liu Shugen. Fluid charging characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation process in the Sinian Dengying Formation in Micangshan area[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2024, 29(2): 98-111.

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