准噶尔盆地石西地区石炭系火山岩旋回精细识别与岩相预测

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2024.06.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 准噶尔盆地石西地区石炭系火山岩油气藏资源丰富，具备良好的勘探开发潜力，但是对石炭系火山岩地层格架系统未明确梳理，各韵律层下的岩相特征不明确，制约了该区火山岩油气藏纵向勘探小层的优选、横向措施井的实施。通过研究区钻井岩心、薄片、测井及地震资料的综合分析，开展石西地区石炭系地层格架搭建、岩相纵向分布规律分析，利用敏感曲线（GR 与CNL）地震随机模拟反演及融合技术预测火山岩岩相展布。研究结果表明，采用“旋回—期次—韵律—岩相”划分原则，将石炭系巴塔玛依内山组火山岩划分3 个旋回（C₂b₁、C₂b₂、C₂b₃），上部两个旋回细分为4 个期次、8 个韵律层，自A1 期次向上至C1 期次，岩性呈现以中基性岩—中性岩—中酸性岩过渡；石炭系火山岩岩相可分为爆发相和溢流相两种类型，爆发相细分为热碎屑流亚相和空落亚相，溢流相按照岩石类型可分为中基性溢流相、中性溢流相和酸性溢流相；火山岩自下而上表现出爆发相与溢流相纵向叠置，溢流相发育厚度大于爆发相，爆发相呈透镜状弱连续散布于溢流相内部；B1、B2 期次溢流相大面积分布，火山活动主要为溢流作用，C1期次溢流作用减弱，爆发作用增强，以爆发相为主；平面上呈现出各期次靠近断裂部位溢流相厚度相对较大，由断裂向构造内部逐渐减薄的特点；物性分析揭示出储层发育的优势岩相为爆发相和中性溢流相。火山韵律层格架下的岩相平面展布研究，可为石西地区石炭系火山岩油藏高效开发与措施井实施提供地质依据，同时可作为同类型油气藏的勘探与开发的现实案例。

关键词: 准噶尔盆地, 石西地区, 石炭系, 火山岩, 地层格架, 火山岩相分布

Abstract: The Carboniferous volcanic rock oil and gas reservoirs have abundant reserves in Shixi area, Junggar Basin, showing good exploration and development potential. However, there is a lack of clear understanding of stratigraphic framework system of the Carboniferous volcanic rocks, and lithofacies characteristics of various rhythmic layers, which restricts the optimal selection of vertical exploration layers in this area and the implementation of horizontal wells. The cores, thin sections, logging, and seismic data are comprehensively studied to construct stratigraphic framework and analyze the vertical lithofacies distribution in the Carboniferous in Shixi area. The seismic random simulation inversion of sensitivity curves (GR and CNL) and fusion technology are used to predict the distribution of volcanic rock lithofacies. The study results indicate that based on the principle of “cycle–stage–rhythm–lithofacies”, volcanic rocks in the Carboniferous Batamayineishan Formation are divided into three cycles (C₂b₁, C₂b₂, C₂b₃), and the upper two cycles are subdivided into four stages and eight rhythmic layers. From stage A1 to stage C1, the lithology shows a transition from intermediate basic rock–intermediate rock–intermediate acidic rock. The lithofacies of the Carboniferous volcanic rocks is divided into two types, i.e., explosive facies and overflow facies. The explosive facies is subdivided into thermal debris flow subfacies and air-fall flow subfacies, while the overflow facies is subdivided into intermediate basic overflow facies, intermediate overflow facies, and acidic overflow facies based on rock types. Vertically, the volcanic rocks of eruptive and overflow facies are superimposed from bottom to top, with a larger thickness of overflow facies than the eruptive facies, and a weakly continuous and dispersed lens-shaped eruptive facies within the overflow facies. The overflow facies in B1 and B2 stages were widely developed, and volcanic activity was dominated by overflow. In C1 stage, the overflow facies weakened and explosive facies strengthened, with explosive facies dominant. On the plane, the overflow facies in each stage has a relatively large thickness near the fault, gradually thinning towards the interior of the structure. The physical property analysis shows that the predominant lithofacies for reservoir development includes explosive facies and intermediate overflow facies. The study of plane lithofacies distribution in the framework of volcanic rhythmic layers provides a geological basis for the high-efficiency development of the Carboniferous volcanic oil reservoirs and well implementation in Shixi area, and serves as practical exploration and development case of similar oil and gas reservoirs.

Key words: Junggar Basin, Shixi area, Carboniferous, volcanic rocks, stratigraphic framework, volcanic lithofacies distribution

中图分类号:

TE112.222

李想, 纪宝强, 陈静, 刘燕, 彭家琼, 彭少云, 王振鹏, 曾令帅, 娄焘, 熊益学. 准噶尔盆地石西地区石炭系火山岩旋回精细识别与岩相预测[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2024, 29(6): 82-98.

Li Xiang, Ji Baoxiang, Chen Jing, Liu Yan, Peng Jiaqiong, Peng Shaoyun, Wang Zhenpeng, Zeng Lingshuai, Lou Tao, Xiong Yixue. Fine identification and lithofacies prediction of volcanic rock cycles in the Carboniferous in Shixi area, Junggar Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2024, 29(6): 82-98.

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