基于激光原位U—Pb定年和元素面扫描的白云岩储层关键成岩期次定量研究——以塔东古城地区鹰山组为例

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2022.04.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 塔里木盆地古城地区奥陶系鹰山组三段（鹰三段）白云岩储层在形成过程中经历了多期成岩流体的叠加改造，使得储层表现出较强的非均质性，不同产状白云岩的白云石化路径及储层孔隙演化过程存在较大争议。为了明确鹰三段白云岩储层孔隙演化过程中各个期次成岩作用发生的相对次序及其与储层孔隙的耦合关系，精准锁定关键成岩作用的期次是揭示储层孔隙演化过程的关键。基于激光原位U—Pb同位素定年技术、激光原位元素面扫描及成像技术等，对4个样品的围岩基质（粉晶白云石、细—中晶白云石）、孔洞壁中—粗晶白云石和孔洞内充填物（方解石、云化渗流粉砂）等结构组分开展系统的激光原位U—Pb定年分析。结果表明，塔里木盆地古城地区鹰三段高能滩相原始沉积年龄约为475.35Ma，奠定了储层发育的物质基础。在储层孔隙演化过程中，先后经历了两期白云石化作用和一期钙质流体充填作用。其中第一期白云石化流体作用时间约为470.1Ma，造成了围岩细—中晶白云岩及局部渗流粉砂的白云石化。第二期白云石化流体作用时间约为452.1Ma，造成了围岩白云石晶体的进一步加大变粗，并形成了第二期孔洞壁中—粗晶白云石。钙质流体的充填不晚于448Ma，造成了局部储集空间的破坏。现存白云岩储层孔隙主体来自对先存孔隙的继承，断裂—热液改造是重要调整，而并非传统意义上构造—热液溶蚀造孔的概念。以上认识可以为塔里木盆地深层白云岩储层孔隙成因的研究及有效储层预测提供一定的依据。

关键词: 激光原位U—Pb定年, 元素面扫描, 关键成岩期次, 储层孔隙演化, 塔东古城地区

Abstract: The dolomite reservoir in the 3^rd member of the Ordovician Yingshan Formation (Ying 3 member) in Gucheng area in Tarim Basin experienced multiple stages of transformation by diagenetic fluids during its evolution process, showing strong reservoir heterogeneity. There are great disputes about the dolomitization pathway and pore evolution process of dolomites with different occurrence. Accurately determining the key diagenesis period is very crucial to identify the relative sequence of diagenesis and its coupling relationship with reservoir pores in the evolution process of Ying 3 member dolomite reservoir. Based on techniques such as laser in-situ U-Pb isotope dating and element area scanning, the systematic laser in situ U-Pb dating is conducted on rock components of four core samples, including the matrix of host rocks (powder crystal dolomite, medium-fine crystal dolomite), medium-coarse crystal dolomite on the wall of vugs, and guest mineral in vugs (calcite and dolomitized vadose siltstone). The study results show that the high energy beach carbonates of Ying 3 member were primarily deposited at a geologic age of approximately 475.35 Ma in Gucheng area in Tarim Basin, laying a material basis for the development of reservoir. The reservoir pore evolution experienced two stages of dolomiti zation and one stage of calcite filling. The first stage of dolomitization occurred at 470.1 Ma, causing dolomitization of the fine-medium crystal dolomite in host rocks and the local vadose siltstones. The second stage of dolomitization was approximately at 452.1 Ma, leading to the further enlargement and coarsening of dolomite crystals of host rocks and the formation of medium-coarse crystal dolomite on the wall of vugs. The filling of calcite fluid was no later than 448 Ma, which damaged the local reservoir space. The main reservoir space of dolomite was inherited from the pre-existing pore space and adjusted by fault-hydrothermal transformation, rather than the traditional understanding that the pores were formed by the tectonic-hydrothermal corrosion. The above understanding provides basis for the study of pore genesis and prediction of effective dolomite reservoir in deep formation in Tarim Basin.

中图分类号:

TE125.1

张友, 李强, 朱可丹, 郑兴平, 林彤, 邵冠铭, 孙海航, 孙庭斌. 基于激光原位U—Pb定年和元素面扫描的白云岩储层关键成岩期次定量研究——以塔东古城地区鹰山组为例[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2022, 27(4): 181-194.

Zhang You, Li Qiang, Zhu Kedan, Zheng Xingping, Lin Tong, Shao Guanming, Sun Haihang, Sun Tingbin. Quantitative study on key diagenetic periods of dolomite reservoir based on laser in-situ U-Pb dating and element area scanning: a case study of the Ordovician Yingshan Formation in Gucheng area, eastern Tarim Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2022, 27(4): 181-194.

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