四川盆地源内致密气成藏特征及勘探方向

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2025.03.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着中国含油气盆地油气勘探程度的不断提高，拓展战略接替领域已经成为油气发展的关键问题。最新勘探突破揭示，四川盆地源内致密气具有超万亿立方米的资源潜力，有望成为新的战略性接替领域。基于大量岩心精细描述、测井解释和地球化学数据分析，探讨了四川盆地源内致密气成因类型及层系展布特征，揭示了其油气成藏富集规律，明确了资源潜力及未来勘探方向。结果表明：（1）四川盆地受多旋回构造演化和海—湖平面频繁波动影响，发育多套优质厚层烃源岩，形成了海相和陆相多类型源内致密气。（2）源内致密气具有两种源储配置样式，一是近源成藏，被烃源岩包裹，封盖条件优越，如筇竹寺组致密气和须五段致密气；二是源储一体、高压封存，如雷三²亚段和茅一段海相泥灰岩致密气。（3）筇竹寺组致密砂岩、雷口坡组泥灰岩、茅一段泥灰岩和须家河组五段致密砂岩4套源内致密气资源潜力合计超过4×10¹²m³，是未来勘探的重要领域。其中筇竹寺组致密气最有利区为资阳—蓬莱地区，海相泥灰岩有利区集中在蜀南—川中地区，须五段致密气有利区为蓬莱—金华地区。

关键词: 四川盆地, 源内致密气, 筇竹寺组, 茅一段, 须家河组, 资源潜力

Abstract: With the increasing maturity of petroleum exploration in petroliferous basins in China, it is necessary to expand strategic replacement fields for oil and gas industry development. Recent exploration breakthroughs reveal that the resource potential of intra-source tight gas exceeds 1×10¹² m³ in Sichuan Basin, emerging as a prospective new strategic replacement field. The fine core description, logging data interpretation, and geochemical analysis data of a large number of core samples have been integrated to analyze the genetic type and distribution characteristics of intra-source tight gas in Sichuan Basin, identify the hydrocarbon accumulation and enrichment laws, and clarify resource potential and future exploration orientations. The study results show that: (1) Influenced by multicyclic tectonic evolution and frequent sea–lake level fluctuations, multiple sets of high-quality thick source rocks were developed in Sichuan Basin, forming multi-type marine and continental intra-source tight gas reservoirs. (2) There are two types of source rock and reservoir assemblages of intra-source tight gas reservoirs. One is near-source gas accumulation, which is enveloped by source rocks, showing superior sealing conditions, such as tight gas in Qiongzhusi Formation and the fifth member of Xujiahe Formation; The other is source rock and reservoir integrated gas reservoir with high-pressure sealing conditions, such as marine marl tight gas in the second sub-member of the third member of Leikoupo Formation and the first member of Maokou Formation. (3) The estimated resources of the four sets of intra-source tight gas are more than 4×10¹² m³, including tight sandstone gas in Qiongzhusi Formation, tight marl gas in Leikoupo Formation, tight marl gas in the first member of Maokou Formation, and tight sandstone gas in the fifth member of Xujiahe Formation, showing major fields for further exploration, among which Ziyang–Penglai area is the most favorable area for Qiongzhusi Formation tight gas, the southern–central Sichuan Basin is the prospective area for marine marl tight gas, and Penglai–Jinhua area is a favorable exploration area for tight gas in the fifth member of Xujiahe Formation.

Key words: Sichuan Basin, intra-source tight gas, Qiongzhusi Formation, the first member of Maokou Formation, Xujiahe Formation, resource potential

中图分类号:

TE122.1

谢武仁, 汪泽成, 罗冰, 郑马嘉, 马石玉, 陈娅娜, 辛勇光, 杨荣军. 四川盆地源内致密气成藏特征及勘探方向[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2025, 30(3): 65-77.

Xie Wuren, Wang Zecheng, Luo Bing, Zheng Majia, Ma Shiyu, Chen Yana, Xin Yongguang, Yang Rongjun. Hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics and exploration orientation of intra-source tight gas in Sichuan Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2025, 30(3): 65-77.

参考文献

[1] 杨光，朱华，黄东，等.四川超级富气盆地特征及油气勘探潜力[J]. 天然气勘探与开发，2020,43(3):1-7.
Yang Guang, Zhu Hua, Huang Dong, et al. Characteristics and exploration potential of the super gas-rich Sichuan Basin [J]. Natural Gas Exploration and Development, 2020, 43(3):1-7.
[2] 刘树根，邓宾，孙玮，等.四川盆地是“超级”的含油气盆地吗?[J]. 西华大学学报(自然科学版)，2020,39(5):20-35.
Liu Shugen, Deng Bin, Sun Wei, et al. May Sichuan Basin be a super petroliferous basin? [J]. Journal of Xihua University (Natural Science Edition), 2020,39(5):20-35.
[3] 戴金星，倪云燕，刘全有，等.四川超级气盆地[J].石油勘探与开发， 2021,48(6):1081-1088.
Dai Jinxing, Ni Yunyan, Liu Quanyou, et al. Sichuan super gas basin in southwest China [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2021,48(6):1081-1088.
[4] 张道伟.四川盆地未来十年天然气工业发展展望[J].天然气工业，2021,41(8):34-45.
Zhang Daowei. Development prospect of natural gas industry in the Sichuan Basin in the next decade [J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2021,41(8):34-45.
[5] 杨雨，文龙，周刚，等.四川盆地油气勘探新领域、新类型及资源潜力[J].石油学报，2023,44(12):2045-2069.
Yang Yu, Wen Long, Zhou Gang, et al. New fields,new types and resource potentials of hydrocarbon exploration in Sichuan Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023,44(12):2045-2069.
[6] 马永生，蔡勋育，赵培荣.中国页岩气勘探开发理论认识与实践[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2018,45(4):561-574.
Ma Yongsheng, Cai Xunyu, Zhao Peirong. China’s shale gas exploration and development: understanding and practice [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018,45(4):561-574.
[7] 潘继平.中国油气勘探开发新进展与前景展望[J].石油科技论坛，2023,42(1):23-31.
Pan Jiping. New progress and outlook of China’s oil and gas exploration and development [J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2023,42(1):23-31.
[8] 邱玉超,许强,李一博,等.四川盆地天府地区上三叠统须家河组四段致密储层砂体刻画及有利储层预测[J].特种油气藏，2024,31(3): 18-26.
Qiu Yuchao, Xu Qiang, Li Yibo, et al.Characterization of tight sandstone reservoirs and prediction of favorable formation in the fourth member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Group in the Tianfu Area of the Sichuan Basin [J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2024,31(3):18-26.
[9] 彭伟，舒逸，陈绵琨，等.四川盆地复兴地区侏罗系凉高山组致密砂岩储层特征及其主控因素[J].地质科技通报，2023,42(3):102-113.
Peng Wei, Shu Yi, Chen Miankun, et al. Tight sandstone reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation in Fuxing area, Sichuan Basin [J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2023,42(3): 102-113.
[10] 陈丽清，吴娟，何一凡，等.四川盆地绵阳—长宁拉张槽中段下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩裂缝脉体特征及古流体活动过程[J].地质科技通报，2023,42(3):142-152.
Chen Liqing, Wu Juan, He Yifan, et al. Fracture vein characteristics and paleofluid activities in the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi shale in the central portion of the Mianyang-Changning intracratonic Sag, Sichuan Basin [J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2023, 42(3):142-152.
[11] 梁峰，吴伟，张琴，等. 四川盆地南部下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩孔隙结构特征与页岩气赋存模式[J].天然气工业，2024,44(3):131-142.
Liang Feng, Wu Wei, Zhang Qin, et al. Shale pore structure characteristics and shale gas occurrence pattern of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in the southern Sichuan Basin [J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2024,44(3):131-142.
[12] 陈泓位，王时林，和源，等.四川盆地中北部DB1 井区灯影组四段沉积相及储层特征[J].油气地质与采收率，2024,31(3):31-41.
Chen Hongwei, Wang Shilin, He Yuan, et al. Sedimentary facies and reservoir characteristics of fourth Member of Dengying Formation in Well DB1 area，north-central Sichuan Basin [J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency，2024,31(3):31-41.
[13] 郑马嘉，郭兴午，伍亚，等．四川盆地德阳—安岳裂陷槽寒武系筇竹寺组超深层页岩气地质工程一体化高产井培育实践与勘探突破[J]. 中国石油勘探，2024,29(3):57-67.
Zheng Majia, Guo Xingwu, Wu Ya, et al. Cultivation practice and exploration breakthrough of geology and engineering integrated high-yield wells of ultra-deep shale gas in the Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in Deyang-Anyue aulacogen, Sichuan Basin [J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2024,29(3):57-67.
[14] 郭彤楼，熊亮，叶素娟，等.输导层(体)非常规天然气勘探理论与实践：四川盆地新类型页岩气与致密砂岩气突破的启示[J].石油勘探与开发，2023,50(1):24-37.
Guo Tonglou, Xiong Liang, Ye Sujuan, et al. Theory and practice of unconventional gas exploration in carrier beds: insight from the breakthrough of new type of shale gas and tight gas in Sichuan Basin, SW China [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2023,50(1):24-37.
[15] 谢武仁，文龙，汪泽成，等.四川盆地二叠系—中三叠统海相非常规资源类型及有利勘探方向[J].天然气地球科学，2024,35(6):961-971.
Xie Wuren, Wen Long, Wang Zecheng, et al. Types of unconventional marine resources and favorable exploration directions in the Permian-Middle Triassic of the Sichuan Basin [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience，2024,35(6):961-971.
[16] 文龙，张本健，金值民，等.四川盆地陆相全油气系统成藏序列与勘探领域[J].石油勘探与开发，2024,51(5):997-1007.
Wen Long, Zhang Benjian, Jin Zhimin, et al. Accumulation sequence and exploration domain of continental whole petroleum system in Sichuan Basin, SW China [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2024,51(5):997-1007.
[17] 雍锐，石学文，罗超，等.四川盆地寒武系筇竹寺组页岩气“槽—隆富集”规律及勘探实践[J].石油勘探与开发，2024,51(6):1-16.
Yong Rui, Shi Xuewen, Luo Chao, et al. Aulacogen-uplift enrichment pattern and exploration prospect of Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation shale gas in Sichuan Basin, SW China [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2024,51(6):1-16.
[18] 赵文智，汪泽成，姜华，等.从古老碳酸盐岩大油气田形成条件看四川盆地深层震旦系的勘探地位[J].天然气工业，2020, 40(2):1-10.
Zhao Wenzhi, Wang Zecheng, Jiang Hua, et al. Exploration status of the deep Sinian strata in the Sichuan Basin: formation conditions of old giant carbonate oil/gas fields [J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2020,40(2):1-10.
[19] 张道伟，杨雨.四川盆地陆相致密砂岩气勘探潜力与发展方向[J].天然气工业，2022,42(1):1-11.
Zhang Daowei, Yang Yu. Exploration potential and development direction of continental tight sandstone gas in the Sichuan Basin [J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2022,42(1):1-11.
[20] 汪泽成，姜华，段书府，等.上扬子克拉通盆地演化与含油气系统[M]. 北京：科学出版社，2021:1-369.
Wang Zecheng, Jiang Hua, Duan Shufu,et al. Evolution and petroleum system of upper Yangtze Craton Basin [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2021:1-369.
[21] 李路顺，汪泽成，肖安成，等.扬子北缘南华纪裂谷系统：基于重力异常及沉积学证据[J].地球科学，2021,46(10):3496-3508.
Li Lushun, Wang Zecheng, Xiao Ancheng, et al. Rift system in northern Yangtze block during Nanhua period: implications from gravity anomaly and sedimentology [J]. Earth Science, 2021,46(10):3496-3508.
[22] 汪泽成，赵文智，彭红雨.四川盆地复合含油气系统特征[J].石油勘探与开发，2002,29(2):26-28.
Wang Zecheng, Zhao Wenzhi, Peng Hongyu. Characteristics of multi-source petroleum systems in Sichuan Basin [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2002,29(2):26-28.
[23] 徐春春，沈平，杨跃明，等.乐山—龙女寺古隆起震旦系—下寒武统龙王庙组天然气成藏条件与富集规律[J].天然气工业，2014, 34(3):1-7.
Xu Chunchun, Shen Ping, Yang Yueming, et al. Accumulation conditions and enrichment patterns of natural gas in the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Fm reservoirs of the Leshan-Longnüsi Paleohigh, Sichuan Basin [J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2014,34(3):1-7.
[24] 汪泽成，施亦做，文龙，等.用超级盆地思维挖掘四川盆地油气资源潜力的探讨[J].石油勘探与开发，2022,49(5):847-858.
Wang Zecheng, Shi Yizuo, Wen Long, et al. Exploring the potential of oil and gas resources in Sichuan Basin with Super Basin Thinking [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2022,49(5):847-858.
[25] 王学军，杨志如，韩冰.四川盆地叠合演化与油气聚集[J].地学前缘，2015,22(3):161-173.
Wang Xuejun, Yang Zhiru, Han Bing. Superposed evolution of Sichuan Basin and its petroleum accumulation [J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2015,22(3):161-173.
[26] 谢武仁，杨威，汪泽成，等.台缘带特征、形成主控因素及其对油气成藏的控制：以四川盆地灯影组为例[J].地质科学，2021,56(3):1-17.
Xie Wuren, Yang Wei, Wang Zecheng, et al. Characteristics and main controlling factors on the development of a platform margin belt and its effect on hydrocarbon accumulation:a case study of Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin [J]. Chinese Journal of Geology, 2021,56(3):1-17.
[27] 谢武仁，文龙，汪泽成，等．四川盆地深层—超深层碳酸盐岩油气成藏条件与勘探潜力[J].中国石油勘探，2024,29(5):61-76.
Xie Wuren, Wen Long, Wang Zecheng, et al. Hydrocarbon accumulation condition and exploration potential of deep-ultra-deep carbonate rocks in Sichuan Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2024,29(5):61-76.
[28] 曹正林，张本健，杨荣军，等.川西地区上三叠统须家河组全油气系统成藏模式新认识[J].天然气工业，2023,43(11):40-53.
Cao Zhenglin, Zhang Benjian, Yang Rongjun, et al. New understanding of hydrocarbon accumulation model in whole petroleum system of the Upper Trassic Xujiahe Formation in the western Sichuan Basin [J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2023, 43(11):40-53.
[29] 杨雨然，石学文，李彦佑，等．四川盆地德阳—安岳裂陷槽筇竹寺组古地貌、沉积模式与勘探方向[J].中国石油勘探，2024,29(6):68-81.
Yang Yuran, Shi Xuewen, Li Yanyou, et al. Paleogeomor-phology, sedimentary patterns and exploration of Deyang Anyue Rift Trough in Qiongzhusi Formation, Sichuan Basin [J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2024,29(6):68-81.
[30] 谢武仁，姜华，马石玉，等.四川盆地德阳—安岳裂陷晚震旦世—早寒武世沉积演化特征与有利勘探方向[J].天然气地球科学，2022, 33(8):1240-1250.
Xie Wuren, Jiang Hua, Ma Shiyu, et al. Sedimentary evolution characteristics and favorable exploration directions of Deyang-Anyue Rift within the Sichuan Basin in Late Sinian-Early Cambrian [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2022,33(8):1240-1250.
[31] 谢武仁，杨威，魏国齐，等.桐湾运动对四川盆地震旦系灯影组岩溶储层形成的控制作用[J].地质科学，2017,52(1):254-269.
Xie Wuren, Yang Wei, Wei Guoqi, et al. Controling of Tongwan Movement on the formation of Dengying karst reservoir in Sichuan Basin [J]. Chinese Journal of Geology, 2017,52(1):254-269.
[32] 汪泽成，辛勇光，谢武仁，等.川中地区三叠系雷口坡组泥灰岩油气地质特征及充探1井发现意义[J].石油勘探与开发，2023,50(5): 950-961.
Wang Zecheng, Xin Yongguang, Xie Wuren, et al. Petroleum geology of marl in Triassic Leikoupo Formation and discovery significance of Well Chongtan1 in central Sichuan Basin, SW China [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2023,50(5): 950-961.
[33] 赵培荣.焦石坝地区茅一段储层特征及天然气勘探潜力[J].油气藏评价与开发，2021,11(5):772-781.
Zhao Peirong. Reservoir characteristics and gas exploration potential of Permian Mao-1 Member of Maokou Formation in Jiaoshiba Area [J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2021,11(5):772-781.
[34] 胡东风，王良军，张汉荣，等.碳酸盐岩烃源岩气藏的发现及其油气地质意义：以四川盆地涪陵地区中二叠统茅口组一段气藏为例[J].天然气工业，2020,40(7):23-33.
Hu Dongfeng, Wang Liangjun, Zhang Hanrong, et al.Discovery of carbonate source rock gas reservoir and its petroleum geological implications: a case study of the gasreservoir in the first Member of Middle Permian Maokou Formation in the Fuling area, Sichuan Basin [J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2020,40(7): 23-33.
[35] 李刚权，李龙，吴松，等.黔北地区石牛栏组气藏特征分析与开发展望[J].地球科学前沿，2021,11(5):635-645.
Li Gangquan, Li Long, Wu Song, et al. Gas reservoir characteristics analysis and development prospects of Shiniulan Formation in northern Guizhou area [J]. Advances in Geosciences, 2021,11(5):635-645.
[36] 李蓉，苏成鹏，石国山，等.川南地区二叠系茅口组一段瘤状灰岩储层成因[J].天然气地球科学，2021,32(6):806-815.
Li Rong, Su Chengpeng, Shi Guoshan, et al. The genesis of nodular limestone reservoirs of the first period of Maokou Formation of Permian in southern Sichuan Basin [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2021,32(6):806-815.
[37] 夏文谦，张汉荣，刘瑾，等.川东南地区茅口组第一段灰泥灰岩储层储集空间构成定量分析[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版)，2021, 48(4): 435-444.
Xia Wenqian, Zhang Hanrong, Liu Jin, et al. Quantitative analysis of the space composition of marlite reservoir in the first member of Maokou Formation in southeastern Sichuan Basin, Chian [J]. Journal Of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition), 2021,48(4):435-444.
[38] 陈友智，臧殿光，杨晓，等.四川盆地须家河组坡折带发育特征及油气地质意义[J].石油实验地质，2024,46(3):491-498.
Chen Youzhi, Zang Dianguang, Yang Xiao,et al. Development characteristics and oil-gas geological significance of slope break zone of Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin [J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2024,46(3):491-498.
[39] 吴晓智，王社教，郑民，等.常规与非常规油气资源评价技术规范体系建立及意义[J].天然气地球科学，2016,27(9):1640-1650．
Wu Xiaozhi, Wang Shejiao, Zheng Min, et al．Standard system establishment for conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon resources assessment techniques and its significance [J]．Natural Gas Geoscience, 2016,27(9):1640-1650．
[40] 张延东，罗小平，刘守川，等．油气资源评价关键参数研究进展[J]．重庆科技学院学报（自然科学版），2011,13(6):81-84．
Zhang Yandong, Luo Xiaoping, Liu Shouchuan, et al．Research and development of key parameters of the oil and gas evaluation [J]. Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2011,13(6):81-84．
[41] 何骁，梁峰，李海，等.四川盆地下寒武统筇竹寺组海相页岩气高产井突破与富集模式[J].中国石油勘探，2024,29(1):142-155.
He Xiao, Liang Feng, Li Hai, et al. Breakthrough and enrichment mode of marine shale gas in the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in high-yield wells in Sichuan Basin [J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2024,29(1):142-155.
[42] 李伟，谢武仁，王雪珂．四川盆地中西部区域性超压特征与天然气大规模聚集的关系[J]．天然气工业，2023,43(12):1-13.
Li Wei, Xie Wuren, Wang Xueke. Relationship between regional overpressure characteristics and large-scale natural gas accumulation in the central and western Sichuan Basin [J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2023,43(12):1-13.