针对陆上深层目标的地震资料采集技术——以塔里木盆地深层勘探为例

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 深层钻探的高风险和高成本决定了深层地震勘探预测作用的重要性。针对深层地震勘探中地震波传播距离长且传播路径复杂，有效信号能量低且高频损耗严重，地质条件复杂且精度要求高等问题，提出了“针对目标、面向处理、拓展低频”的采集技术研究思路，并将深层勘探目标分为深层复杂构造与深层复杂储层两大类进行针对性研究。深层复杂构造研究的首要任务是提高资料信噪比，宽线大组合二维采集率先解决了这个问题，并由此推动了塔里木盆地库车坳陷盐下深层构造勘探取得连续突破。深层复杂储层研究的重点是全面提高研究精度，“两宽一高”三维采集是解决这一需求的必然选择，并由此推动了塔北隆起哈拉哈塘地区深层岩溶储层的快速评价和建产。综合深层地质研究和高精度处理的需求，认为“拓展低频”将成为深层地震勘探技术下一步发展的重点方向。

关键词: 地震资料采集, 深层勘探, 复杂构造, 复杂储层, 低频

Abstract: High risks and high costs of deep-target drilling make the prediction role of deep seismic prospecting very important. In view of issues such as long travel distance and complicated travel routes of seismic waves, weak energy of effective signals and severe loss of high frequency reflection signals, complex geological conditions and high requirements on acquisition accuracy in deep formation seismic survey, we have come up with the acquisition technical idea of “facing target, oriented to processing, and making use of low frequency data”, and divided the deep targets into 2 groups, complicated structure targets (CST) and complicated reservoir targets (CRT) to investigate accordingly. The first and foremost mission in studying CST is raising the signal to noise ratio of the seismic data. Wide-line large-array 2D acquisition has solved the problem firstly, and contributed to the continuous breakthroughs of deep sub-salt structure exploration in Kuqa thrust-belt of Tarim basin. The key point in studying CRT is enhancing overall seismic data precision, "WBH" (wide azimuth, broad band and high density) 3D acquisition is the inevitable choice for this issue, which has facilitated the rapid evaluation and productivity construction of the deep karst reservoirs in Halahatang area, Tabei uplift. In summary of the requirements in both deep geological research and high-precision processing, it is concluded that "making full use of low frequency data" will become the direction of deep formation seismic exploration in the near future.

Key words: seismic acquisition, deep exploration, complicated structure, complicated reservoir, low frequency

杨平, 　高国成, 　侯艳, 　谷永兴, 　但光箭. 针对陆上深层目标的地震资料采集技术——以塔里木盆地深层勘探为例[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2016, 21(1): 61-75.

Yang Ping, Gao Guocheng, Hou Yan, Gu Yongxing, Dan Guangjian. Seismic acquisition techniques for onshore deep targets—— a case study of deep formations in Tarim basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2016, 21(1): 61-75.

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