鄂尔多斯盆地黄土塬三维地震技术突破及勘探开发效果

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2020.01.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 鄂尔多斯盆地黄土塬地区为举世闻名的地震勘探难区，为解决页岩岩性甜点预测、低幅度构造刻画、小断层和裂缝分布、水平井实时导向等高效油藏的勘探开发问题，通过多年地震持续攻关，创新了黄土塬井炮和低频可控震源“井震联合激发”的宽方位高覆盖三维地震勘探、超深微测井约束的三维网格层析静校正和黄土塬近地表吸收补偿、多属性降维和地质概率融合评价的甜点预测等多项技术，在陇东黄土塬合水县和宁县盘克“井震联合激发”三维区，地震地质导向页岩油水平井开发，油层平均钻遇率达87.4%，比不用地震导向提高10%以上，创建了长庆油田地震技术应用与油田开发结合的典型示范区。在宁夏盐池地区推广应用低频可控震源高覆盖三维地震技术，预测成功率为72.1%，较以往二维地震提高了一倍多，实现了黄土塬地震勘探技术的突破，有力支撑了油气勘探新发现和油气田高效开发。

关键词: 鄂尔多斯盆地, 黄土塬, 地震勘探, 低频可控震源, 页岩油开发

Abstract: The Loess tableland area of the Ordos Basin is a world-famous challenging area for seismic exploration. In order to solve issues in high-efficiency oil exploration and development, such as sweet spots prediction of shale reservoirs, characterization of low-amplitude structures, distribution of small faults and fractures, and real-time geo-steering drilling in horizontal wells, studies have been carried out for many years on seismic exploration and several technologies have been developed. These include: 3D seismic exploration with wide azimuth and broad coverage excited jointly by well shot on loess tableland and low-frequency vibrators; 3D grid tomographic static correction constrained by ultra-deep micro-logging and near-surface absorption compensation on loess tableland, and sweet spot prediction based on comprehensive evaluation of multi-attribute dimension reduction and geological probability, etc. In the Panke 3D “joint excitation of well shot and vibrator” seismic survey area of Heshui County and Ning County loess tableland of Eastern Gansu Province, the average penetration rate is up to 87.4% in shale reservoirs, with seismic geo-steering drilling in horizontal wells. This is more than 10% higher than penetration rates without seismic geo-steering tools. This has become a typical demonstration area in the Changqing oil field, combining seismic technology application with oilfield development. In the Yanchi area of Ningxia province, 3D seismic exploration with low-frequency vibrator and broad coverage technologies has been applied widely. The success rate of reservoir prediction is 72.1%, which is more than twice as high as previous 2D seismic surveys. A breakthrough has therefore been achieved in seismic exploration technologies in the loess tableland area, strongly supporting new discoveries and efficient development in oil and gas fields.

中图分类号:

付锁堂, 王大兴, 姚宗惠. 鄂尔多斯盆地黄土塬三维地震技术突破及勘探开发效果[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2020, 25(1): 67-77.

Fu Suotang, Wang Daxing, Yao Zonghui. Progress of 3D seismic exploration technologies and oil and gas exploration and development performance in the loess tableland area of the Ordos Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020, 25(1): 67-77.

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