冀中坳陷深潜山及潜山内幕地震采集关键技术及应用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2019.06.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 冀中坳陷潜山类型多、分布广，潜山油气藏规模大、储量高，但深部构造复杂、地表条件复杂，导致以往深潜山及潜山内幕勘探效果不甚理想。伴随着地质认识及装备水平的不断提高，基于深潜山及潜山内幕勘探的技术攻关工作一直在持续开展。经历了多个阶段，呈现勘探目标由常规潜山转向深潜山、潜山内幕，地震采集由二维向三维转变、常规向精细拓展、精细向目标延伸，施工方式由粗放转向精细、由炸药转向可控震源绿色勘探等特点。经过近20 年的技术攻关探索，形成了由“基于潜山资料品质的激发设计技术”“基于潜山构造特征的观测系统设计技术”“基于复杂地表区的观测系统实施技术”“多期采集垂直观测技术”等组成的成熟的深潜山及潜山内幕地震勘探配套技术，有效解决了该区深潜山及潜山内幕勘探资料差的问题，极大丰富了对冀中坳陷深潜山的再认识。

关键词: 冀中坳陷, 深潜山, 潜山内幕, 地震采集技术, 回顾与展望

Abstract: In the Jizhong depression, many types of buried hills are widely distributed, and have abundant reserves; however, both the deep underground structure and the surface conditions are complex, which leads to unsatisfactory exploration results from deep buried hills and their interior structures. With continuous improvements of geological understanding and equipment, technical research on exploring deep buried hills and their interior structures have been conducted. After several stages, exploration targets have changed from conventional buried hills to deep buried hills and their interior structures; seismic data acquisition from 2D to 3D surveys; conventional to ?ne surveys; and ?ne to target surveys. Operation changed from simple to ?ne, and from explosives to vibroseis green exploration. After nearly 20 years of technological research, a series of seismic survey technologies for deep buried hills and their interior structures have been developed, including “the excitation design based on the quality of buried hill data”, “the design of the recording system based on the structural characteristics of buried hills”, “the performance of the recording system based on complex surface conditions” and “the multi-stage acquisition and vertical observation system”. These mature technologies have improved the exploration data of the deep buried hills and their interior structures, and greatly enhanced the understanding of the deep buried hills in the Jizhong depression.

中图分类号:

陈敬国, 李海东, 王冬雯, 刘占军, 葛黛薇, 刘胜利, 付滨, 刘颖. 冀中坳陷深潜山及潜山内幕地震采集关键技术及应用[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2019, 24(6): 807-814.

Chen Jingguo, Li Haidong, Wang Dongwen, Liu Zhanjun, Ge Daiwei, Liu Shengli, Fu Bin, Liu Ying. Key techniques and application of seismic acquisition for deep buried hills and their interior structures in Jizhong depression[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2019, 24(6): 807-814.

参考文献

[1] 赵贤正，金凤鸣，王权，韩春元，董雄英. 冀中坳陷隐蔽深潜山及潜山内幕油气藏的勘探发现与认识[J]. 中国石油勘探，2014,19(1):11-20. Zhao Xianzheng, Jin Fengming, Wang Quan, Han Chunyuan, Dong Xiongying. Exploration and discovery of subtle deep buried hill and buried hill inner-curtain hydrocarbon reservoir in Jizhong sag[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2014,19(1):11-20.
[2] 侯凤香，刘井旺，李熹微，汪勇，王鑫，侯凤梅，等. 冀中坳陷饶阳凹陷二次勘探实践[J]. 中国石油勘探，2017,22(5):21-32. Hou Fengxiang, Liu Jingwang, Li Xiwei, Wang Yong, Wang Xin, Hou Fengmei, et al . Secondary exploration practice in Raoyang sag, Jizhong depression, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2017,22(5):21-32.
[3] 束宁凯，汪新文，王金铸，刘雅利. 义和庄地区潜山内幕构造演化特征及其控藏作用[J]. 油气地质与采收率，2017,24(3):25-29. Shu Ningkai，Wang Xinwen，Wang Jinzhu，Liu Yali.Tectonic evolution characteristics of inner buried hills in Yihezhuang area and its controlling effect on the hydrocarbon accumulation[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency，2017,24(3):25-29.
[4] 邓爱居，张少华，李凤群，雷志斌，黄志佳，李其瑞，等. 饶阳凹陷肃宁地区新生代断裂活动及其对油气成藏的控制作用[J]. 油气地质与采收率，2017,24(3):18-24. Deng Aiju，Zhang Shaohua，Li Fengqun，Lei Zhibin，Huang Zhijia，Li Qirui，et al . Cenozoic fault activity and its control on hydrocarbon accumulation in Suning area of Raoyang sag，Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency，2017,24(3):18-24.
[5] 杜金虎，何海清，赵贤正，张以明，王权，张锐锋，等. 渤海湾盆地廊固凹陷杨税务超深超高温奥陶系潜山油气勘探重大突破实践与启示[J]. 中国石油勘探，2017,22(2):1-12. Du Jinhu, He Haiqing, Zhao Xianzheng, Zhang Yiming, Wang Quan, Zhang Ruifeng, et al . Significant exploration breakthrough in Yangshuiwu ultra-deep and ultra-high temperature Ordovician buried-hill in Langgu sag, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2017,22(2):1-12.
[6] 黄远鑫，鱼占文，张骜，焦亚先，周阳. 束鹿凹陷西斜坡潜山成藏主控因素与成藏模式[J]. 特种油气藏，2018,25(6):60-64. Huang Yuanxin, Yu Zhanwen, Zhang Ao, Jiao Yaxian, Zhou Yang. Main-controlling factorsand hydrocarbon accumulation patterns of the buried-hill reservoirs in the western slope of Shulu sag[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2018,25(6):60-64.
[7] 吴涛，胡金宽，周兴海，时逢峰，叶秋焱，李成海，等. 逆时偏移技术在河间潜山内幕成像中的应用[J]. 中国石油勘探，2017,22(2): 110-115. Wu Tao, Hu Jinkuan, Zhou Xinghai, Shi Fengfeng, Ye Qiuyan, Li Chenghai, et al . Application of reverse-time migration technique in imaging of Hejian buried-hill inside[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2017,22(2):110-115.
[8] 张以明，田建章，杨德相，韩红涛，陈树光，等. 冀中坳陷潜山内幕寒武系府君山组成藏条件与勘探方向[J]. 中国石油勘探，2019, 24(3):297-312. Zhang Yiming, Tian Jianzhang, Yang Dexiang, Han Hongtao, Chen Shuguang, et al . Accumulation conditions and exploration direction of Cambrian Fujunshan Formation inside buried hills in Jizhong depression[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2019, 24(3):297-312.
[9] 韦红，赵海峰，唐何兵，郭诚. 渤海盆地潜山下古生界岩溶古地貌特征分析——以W 油气田为例[J]. 非常规油气，2016,3(6):31-35. Wei Hong, Zhao Haifeng, Tang Hebing, Guo Cheng. Analysis of ancient geomorphological karst features in buried hill lower paleozoic Bohai Basin: taken W oil and gas field as an example[J]. Unconventional Oil & Gas, 2016,3(6):31-35.
[10] 臧明峰，吴孔友，崔永谦，杜维良. 冀中坳陷古潜山类型及油气成藏[J]. 石油天然气学报，2009,31(2):166-169. Zang Mingfeng, Wu Kongyou, Cui Yongqian, Du Weiliang. Types of buried hill and its hydrocarbon accumulation in Jizhong depression[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology, 2009,31(2):166-169.
[11] 何登发，崔永谦，张煜颖，单帅强，肖阳，张传宝，等. 渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷古潜山的构造成因类型[J]. 石油学报，2017,33(4):1339-1356. He Dengfa, Cui Yongqian, Zhang Yuying, Shan Shuaiqiang, Xiao Yang, Zhang Chuanbao, et al . Structural genetic types of paleoburied hill in Jizhong depression，Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2017,33(4):1339-1356.
[12] 袁胜辉，唐传章，葛代薇，崔宏良，李小艳，周璐. 冀中坳陷深潜山及其内幕地震勘探技术研究[J]. 中国石油勘探，2013,18(1):39-43. Yu a n S h e n g h u i , Ta n g C h u a n z h a n g , G e D a i w e i , C u i Hongliang, Li Xiaoyan, Zhou Lu. Study on seismic techniques for the deep burial hills in Jizhong depression[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2013,18(1):39-43.
[13] 邓志文，白旭明，唐传章，李扬胜，袁胜辉，李海东，等. 高精度城市三维地震采集技术[J]. 天然气工业，2007,27( 增刊1):45-48. Deng Zhiwen, Bai Xuming, Tang Chuanzhang, Li Yangsheng, Yuan Shenghui, Li Haidong, et al . High precision urban 3D seismic acquisition technology[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2007, 27(S1):45-48.
[14] 陈敬国，刘宏飞，刘璐，石林菁敏. 可控震源在复杂障碍区地震勘探中的应用及效果[J]. 非常规油气，2016,3(4)：25-31. Chen Jingguo, Liu Hongfei, Liu Lu, Shilin Jingmin. Application and effect of vibrator in seismic exploration in complex obstacle area[J]. Unconventional Oil & Gas, 2016, 3(4):25-31.
[15] 崔宏良，王瑞贞，陈敬国，张学银，程展展，王嘉. 可控震源地震勘探中的数值模拟法应用[J]. 石油地球物理勘探，2017,52(2): 209-213,219. Cui Hongliang, Wang Ruizhen, Chen Jingguo, Zhang Xueyin, Cheng Zhanzhan, Wang Jia. Application of numerical simulation in vibroseis seismic acquisition[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospection, 2017,52(2):209-213,219.
[16] 陈敬国，白旭明，李海东，程展展，侯君毅，刘淑香，等. 表层速度极低对静校正的影响分析[J]. 工程地球物理学报，2018,15(2):195-199. Chen Jingguo, Bai Xuming, Li Haidong, Cheng Zhanzhan, Hou Junyi, Liu Shuxiang, et al . Analysis of the very low weathered layer velocity for static correction[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics, 2018,15(2):195-199.
[17] 戴树敏，张水生，陈敬国，杜蔚然. 检波器成孔车的研制与应用[J]. 物探装备，2014,24(1):65-69. Dai Shumin, Zhang Shuisheng, Chen Jingguo, Du Weiran. R e s e a r c h o n g e o p h o n e p l a n t d r i l l i n g v e h i c l e a n d i t s application[J]. Equipment of Geophysical Prospection, 2014, 24(1):65-69.
[18] 白旭明，李海东，陈敬国，唐传章，王泽丹，张舒. 可控震源单台高密度采集技术及应用效果[J]. 中国石油勘探，2015,20(6):39-43. Bai Xuming, Li Haidong, Chen Jingguo, Tang Chuanzhang, Wang Zedan, Zhang Shu. Single controllable vibrator highdensity acquisition technology and its application[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2015,20(6):39-43.
[19] 陈敬国，王成河，白旭明，李海东，王金宽，武函，等. 三维观测系统属性定量评价方法探讨[J]. 中国石油勘探,2015,20(2):68-74. Chen Jingguo, Wang Chenghe, Bai Xuming, Li Haidong, Wang Jinkuan, Wu Han, et al . Quantitative evaluation method of 3D geometry attributes[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2015,20(2):68-74.
[20] 赵贤正，张玮，邓志文，白旭明，袁胜辉，唐传章，等. 复杂地质目标的2.5 次三维地震勘探方法[J]. 石油地球物理勘探，2014,49(6): 1039-1047. Zhao Xianzheng, Zhang Wei, Deng Zhiwen, Bai Xuming, Yuan Shenghui, Tang Chuanzhang, et al . 2.5 times 3D seismic surveys for complicated geological targets[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospection, 2014,49(6):1039-1047.
[21] 白旭明，叶秋焱，袁胜辉，陈敬国，朱敏，李海东，等. 实现高密度宽方位三维地震采集的垂直观测法[J]. 物探与化探，2014,38(4):769-773. Bai Xuming, Ye Qiuyan, Yuan Shenghui, Chen Jingguo, Zhu Min, Li Haidong, et al . Vertical observation method for implementation of width azimuth and high density 3D collection[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2014, 38(4):769-773.
[22] 袁胜辉，魏振乾，白旭明，胡清，张树森. 不同观测方向对成像速度的影响分析[C]. SPG/SEG 北京2016 国际地球物理会议，2016： 502-505. Yuan Shenghui, Wei Zhenqian, Bai Xuming, Hu Qing, Zhang Shusen. An analysis on the effects of different recording directions on imaging velocity[C]. SPG/SEG Beijing 2016 International Geophysical Conference，2016:502-505.