国内石英砂支撑剂评价及砂源本地化研究进展与前景展望

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2021.01.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了实现中国非常规油气开采成本的进一步降低，系统地梳理了近年来北美地区压裂支撑剂发展变化趋势，明确了国内外储层改造支撑剂的新进展，总结了国内外储层改造支撑剂使用理念的差距。在此基础上，结合中国非常规储层开发特点及当前形势，评价了中国六大主要砂源地石英砂品质，开展了石英砂应用可行性基础理论研究，挖掘了中国石英砂砂源本地化的潜能，最后论证了重点油气区块石英砂推广生产效果及经济性。研究表明：国内石英砂破碎等级可达4K、5K（对应压力为28MPa、35MPa），品质与北美地区通用黄砂相当，修订中国石英砂破碎率测试标准，拓展了石英砂应用范围；提出以经济导流能力为目标的压裂支撑剂优选原则，通过开展支撑剂有效受力分析，揭示了水平井体积压裂下支撑剂受力仅为传统的50%～60%；推广石英砂现场试验应用，石英砂用量由2015 年的65×104t 提高到2019 年的275×104t，年节约成本达到20 亿元以上；同时开展了中国准噶尔、鄂尔多斯和四川三大盆地石英砂本地化砂源评价及自主砂厂建设，目前产能已达150×104t/a，为非常规油气进一步大幅度降本增效奠定资源基础；结合未来7 年内中国石油天然气集团有限公司（简称中国石油）改造井次与支撑剂用量，以页岩气为例，若采用石英砂替代陶粒，投资有望降到60 亿元以内，降幅超40%。

关键词: 支撑剂, 石英砂, 破碎率, 导流能力, 本地化, 产量

Abstract: In support of efforts to further reduce the cost of unconventional oil and gas development in China, this paper surveys
recent trends in the use of fracturing proppants in North America and new research on the use of proppants in reservoir stimulation in China and internationally. In doing so, it summarizes the differences in proppant application concepts between domestic and foreign companies. These findings are combined with an appraisal of current unconventional reservoir development in China.The quality of sand from China’s six major quartz sand sources is evaluated and the results of basic theoretical research on the feasibility of use of the various sands reported. Localized sources potential of suitable sand in China are identified and the effect on production and economic benefits of sand proppants generalization is demonstrated by reference to its recent and current application in key oil and gas blocks. The results show that the crushing resistance of domestic quartz sand can reach 4K-5K(equating to approximately 28?35 MPa), and that the quality is equivalent to that of North American common yellow sand. The
national standard for the crushing rate test is reviewed, expanding the application scope of quartz sand. A new principle for the
selection of fracturing proppant is proposed, with improved economic efficiency as the objective. Effective stress analysis shows
that the stress of sand proppant is only 50%?60% of the traditional proppant in horizontal well fracturing. The amount of sand
used in China increased from 650 thousand tons in 2015 to 2.75 million tons in 2019, with an annual cost saving of more than 2
billion yuan. Local sand sources in the giant Junggar, Ordos and Sichuan Basins have also been evaluated and independent sand
plants are being built, with annual production capacity reaching 1.5 million tons, which will enable further substantial cost reductions and efficiency increases in the development of unconventional oil and gas. For example, if the use of sand entirely replaces the use of ceramic proppants in shale gas fracturing, the investment required is expected to reduce to less than 6 billion yuan, a reduction of more than 40%.

中图分类号:

郑新权, 王欣, 张福祥, 杨能宇, 才博, 梁天成, 蒙传幼, 卢海兵, 易新斌, 严玉忠, 王久涛, 姜伟, 王天一. 国内石英砂支撑剂评价及砂源本地化研究进展与前景展望[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2021, 26(1): 131-137.

Zheng Xinquan, Wang Xin, Zhang Fuxiang, Yang Nengyu, Cai Bo, Liang Tiancheng, Meng Chuanyou, Lu Haibing, Yi Xinbin, Yan Yuzhong, Wang Jiutao, Jiang Wei, Wang Tianyi. Assessment of domestic sand proppant and research progress and prospects in utilizing local sand#br#[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021, 26(1): 131-137.

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