Abstract: Both hydrocarbon reservoirs and sandstone-type uranium deposits occur in sedimentary basins. Comparison of the metallogenic and hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of the two will provide valuable reference for exploration work in sedimentary basins. This study discusses the similarities and differences in the processes of hydrocarbon accumulation and uranium mineralization in sedimentary basins based on analysis of field data and the accumulated experience of years of exploration for oil and uranium in the Qianjiadian sag. Discussions focus on the controlling factors affecting mineralization and hydrocarbon accumulation, such as source rocks, reservoir, migration and accumulation, and paleoclimate. The results show that the metallogenic conditions of sandstone-type uranium deposits and the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of oil reservoirs are similar. They both need high-quality reservoirs, barrier layers, and good reservoir-barrier assemblages. However, there are great differences between them in material sources, migration patterns, and spatial distribution. Sandstone-type uranium deposits are typically exogenous and hydrodynamic migration deposits. Favorable metallogenic conditions occur in the transitional paleoclimatic environment of an arid-to-hot and humid climate, and deposits develop easily in shallow strata. Oil reservoirs, on the other hand, are typical authigenic deposits, which generally migrate and accumulate by buoyancy, are less affected by climatic factors, and are more easily preserved in deep strata. The radioactivity of uranium promotes the transformation of organic matter into hydrocarbons, while oil and gas generated in the early stage, escapes upward along faults and provides reducing agents and preservative agents for the mineralization of sandstone-type uranium deposits in upper strata. The discovery of supergiant sandstone-type uranium deposits in the Qianjiadian sag confirms that sandstone-type uranium deposits often coexist with oil and gas reservoirs in the same basin. By comparing their respective metallogenic and accumulation characteristics, it is concluded that the fault basins that developed and waned in the Late Mesozoic and Late Cenozoic are important locations for the coexistence of hydrocarbon and uranium accumulation in the same basin.