Abstract: In the context of promoting carbon emission reduction globally, more and more countries adopt carbon pricing tools to manage and guide carbon emission behavior through economic means. The scope of the international carbon pricing mechanism has expanded continuously, and the carbon price level and the carbon pricing income have risen significantly. However, the international carbon price level is still far below that achieving the temperature control goal in the “Paris Agreement”, and the problem of unbalanced regional development is prominent, showing that the carbon pricing mechanism is mainly implemented in European and American countries, and there is a huge gap in carbon pricing income between developed countries and developing countries. Associated with the acceleration of global climate governance,the international carbon pricing mechanism shows a strengthened trend, with steady growth in quantity and a wave like spiral rise in price level. Although developing countries have accelerated the development of emission trading system and carbon tax, it is difficult to bridge the huge gap between developing and developed countries in the short term. While developed countries have accelerated the construction of carbon border adjustment mechanism, but there is a great uncertainty in the prospects and effects. Under this circumstance, the current carbon pricing mechanism has a relatively limited impact on the petroleum industry, and resource countries prefer to adopt scientific and rational tax design to balance carbon reduction and their own development interests. The development of the international carbon pricing mechanism will promote the low-carbon transition of the petroleum industry in the future. In terms of the government level, it is suggested to strengthen national policy guidance, expand the scope of carbon trading market, build a carbon emission accounting system, as well as reasonably design the tax system.At the industry level, the impact of carbon trading on the petroleum industry should highly be attached, R&D innovation should vigorously be strengthened to promote carbon emission reduction, and the development trend of carbon pricing mechanism of foreign resource countries should closely be tracked, to actively manage carbon price risks of overseas investment projects.