Abstract: In recent years, associated with the deepening of the reform of oil and gas resource system in China, the pressure of external competition and internal circulation of mining rights has gradually increased and the foundation for the survival and development of oil fields is facing great challenges. Therefore, the deep study of the new mining rights and reserves policy and the detailed analysis of the problems in mining rights and reserves management are of great significance for accelerating the discovery and capacity construction of oil fields, as well as transferring from exploration rights to mining rights. In view of the problems in mining rights and reserves management, Tarim Oilfield Company has initiatively adapted to the reform, innovated management practice, and formed a management mechanism of joint deployment of mining rights and reserves and “two-most and quality promising” for preparing critical documents, which support to accelerate the oil and gas discovery and capacity construction, standardize mining rights and reserves management, improve the quality and speed of preparing critical documents, and achieve the transfer from exploration rights to mining rights with high quality and efficiency, ensuring the oil and gas energy supply and reducing the burden on government departments.