东地中海深水油气富集条件与勘探方向

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2021.03.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 东地中海油气资源丰富、勘探程度低，是近年全球深水油气勘探热点地区之一。东地中海深水油气富集条件研究对该地区油气勘探选区选带具有指导意义。基于国际油气商业数据库和地质地球物理资料，应用石油地质综合研究方法，对东地中海构造沉积演化、油气地质条件、储盖组合及成藏特征进行分析，进而探讨深水油气富集条件及未来勘探方向。研究结果表明，东地中海发育中新统生物礁灰岩+盐岩、中新统浊积砂岩+盐岩主力储盖组合及白垩系浊积砂岩+泥页岩、侏罗系生物礁灰岩+泥灰岩推测储盖组合。厚层渐新统—中新统海相烃源岩、优质中新统盆底扇浊积砂岩和生物礁灰岩储层、区域性盐岩盖层及构造反转期发育的大型构造圈闭控制了东地中海深水油气富集。未来应重点关注黎凡特盆地深水区中新统浊积砂岩领域和埃拉托色尼台地周缘中新统生物礁灰岩领域，深入探索希罗多德盆地深水区中新统浊积砂岩领域和黎凡特盆地中生界深层领域。

关键词: 储盖组合, 油气富集, 勘探方向, 深水, 东地中海

Abstract: The eastern Mediterranean has become one of the global hot spots of deep-water oil and gas exploration in recent years owing to its abundant oil and gas resources and low degree of exploration. The study of deep-water hydrocarbon enrichment conditions in the Eastern Mediterranean is of guiding significance to the selection of exploration zones and plays in this area. This paper analyzes the tectonic sedimentary evolution, petroleum geological conditions, reservoir-caprock assemblages, and hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of the Eastern Mediterranean and discusses the deep-water hydrocarbon enrichment conditions and exploration targets by comprehensive petroleum geological study on the international oil and gas commercial database and geological and geophysical data. The results show that there are two main reservoir-caprock assemblages of Miocene reef limestone + salt rock and Miocene turbidite sandstone + salt rock, and two inferred reservoir-caprock assemblages of Cretaceous turbidite sandstone + shale and Jurassic reef limestone + marl in the Eastern Mediterranean. The deep-water hydrocarbon enrichment in the Eastern Mediterranean is controlled by thick Oligocene-Miocene marine source rocks, high-quality Miocene basin floor fan turbidite sandstone and reef limestone reservoirs, regional salt caprocks and large structural traps developed during the tectonic inversion period. In the future, favorable plays of Miocene turbidite sandstone in the deep-water area in the Levant Basin and Miocene reef limestone around the Erotosthenes platform should be focused on, and new fields of Miocene turbidite sandstone in deep-water area in theHerodotus Basin and deep Mesozoic in the Levant Basin be further explored.

Key words: reservoir-caprock assemblage, hydrocarbon accumulation, exploration target, deep-water, Eastern Mediterranean

中图分类号:

TE19

田琨, 王大鹏, 殷进垠, 郭金瑞. 东地中海深水油气富集条件与勘探方向[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2021, 26(3): 107-116.

Tian Kun, Wang Dapeng, Yin Jinyin, Guo Jinrui. Deep-water hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and exploration target in the Eastern Mediterranean[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021, 26(3): 107-116.

参考文献

[1] Wood Mackenzie[DB/OL]. [2020-10-27]. https://www. woodmac.com/.
[2] 张功成，屈红军，张凤廉，等．全球深水油气重大新发现及启示[J].石油学报，2019,40(1):1-34. Zhang Gongcheng, Qu Hongjun, Zhang Fenglian, et al . Major new discoveries of oil and gas in global deepwaters and enlightenment[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2019,40(1):1-34.
[3] 谢玉洪，高阳东．中国海油近期国内勘探进展与勘探方向[J]. 中国石油勘探，2020,25(1):20-30. Xie Yuhong, Gao Yangdong. Recent domestic exploration progress and direction of CNOOC[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020,25(1):20-30.
[4] 刘合年，史卜庆，薛良清，等．中国石油海外“十三五”油气勘探重大成果与前景展望[J]. 中国石油勘探，2020,25(4):1-10. Liu Henian, Shi Buqing, Xue Liangqing, et al . Major achievements of CNPC overseas oil and gas exploration during the 13th Five-Year Plan and prospects for the future[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020,25(4):1-10.
[5] 王陆新，潘继平，杨丽丽．全球深水油气勘探开发现状与前景展望[J]. 石油科技论坛，2020,39(2):31-37. Wang Luxin, Pan Jiping, Yang Lili. Present conditions and prospect of global deepwater oil and gas exploration and development[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2020,39(2):31-37.
[6] 段瑞凯，杨宝泉，顾文欢，等．深水油田高效开发策略及实践[J]. 石油科技论坛，2019,38(5):48-56. Duan Ruikai, Yang Baoquan, Gu Wenhuan, et al . Schemes and Practice of high-efficiency deepwater oilfield development[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2019,38(5):48-56.
[7] 张宁宁，王青，王建君，等．近20 年世界油气新发现特征与勘探趋势[J]. 中国石油勘探，2018,23(1):44-53. Zhang Ningning, Wang Qing, Wang Jianjun, et al . Characteristics of oil and gas discoveries in recent 20 years and future exploration in the world[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2018,23(1):44-53.
[8] IHS Energy Group．International petroleum exploration and production database[DB/OL]. [2020-12-20]. http://www.ihs. com/products/oil-gas-information/data-access/geophysicalsurveys/ index.aspx．
[9] U.S. Geological Survey. Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Levant Basin province, Eastern Mediterranean[DB/OL]. [2010-3-12]. https://pubs.usgs.gov/ fs/2010/3014/.
[10] Delamotte D, Raulin C, Mouchot N, et al . The southernmost margin of the Tethys realm during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic: initial geometry and timing of the inversion processes[J]. Tectonics, 2011,30(3):1-22.
[11] 刘小兵，张光亚，温志新，等．东地中海黎凡特盆地构造特征与油气勘探[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2017,44(4):540-548. Liu Xiaobing, Zhang Guangya, Wen Zhixin, et al . Structural characteristics and petroleum exploration of Levant Basin in East Mediterranean[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2017,44(4):540-548.
[12] Netzeband G, Gohl K, Hübscher C, et al . The Levantine Basin: crustal structure and origin[J]. Tectonophysics, 2006,418:167-188.
[13] Segev A, Schattner U, Lyakhovsky V. Middle-Late Eocene structure of the southern Levant continental margin: tectonic motion versus global sea-level change[J]. Tectonophysics, 2011,499:165-177.
[14] Boudagher-Fadel M, Clark N. Stratigraphy, paleoenvironment and paleogeography of Maritime Lebanon: a key to Eastern Mediterranean Cenozoic history[J]. Stratigraphy, 2006,3(2): 81-118.
[15] Gao Huahua, Tong Xiaoguang, Wen Zhixin, et al . The tectonic evolution of the eastern Mediterranean basin and its control on hydrocarbon distribution[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2019,178:389-407.
[16] Tellus. Sinai-Levant Basin[DB/OL]. [2020-10-20]. http:// robertson．cgg．com/．
[17] Noble Energy. Investor presentation[DB/OL]. [2020-10-11]. https://www.nblenergy.com/.
[18] Eni Energy. Eni golobal-presence[DB/OL]. [2020-10-11]. https://www.eni.com/en-IT/global-presence/africa.html.
[19] Segev A, Sass E, Schattner U. Age and structure of the Levant Basin, Eastern Mediterranean[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2018,182:233-250.
[20] Hawie N, Gorini C, Deschamps R, et al . Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the northern Levant Basin (offshore Lebanon)[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2013,48:392-410.
[21] Papadimitriou N, Gorini C, Nader F H, et al . Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the western margin of the Levant Basin(offshore Cyprus)[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2018,91:683-705.
[22] Gardosh M, Druckman Y, Buchbinder B, et al . The Levant Basin offshore Israel: stratigraphy, structure, tectonic evolution and implications for hydrocarbon exploration[R]. Jerusalem: Geological Survey of Israel, 2008:1-125.
[23] Hawie N, Deschamps R, Nader F H, et al . Sedimentological and stratigraphic evolution of northern Lebanon since the Late Cretaceous: implications for the Levant margin and basin[J]. Arab Journal Geoscience, 2014,7:1323-1349.
[24] 田琨，殷进垠，王大鹏，等．黎凡特盆地油气地质特征与勘探方向[J]. 石油实验地质，2020,42(1):95-102. Tian Kun, Yin Jinyin, Wang Dapeng, et al . Petroleum geology and exploration in Levant Basin, Eastern Mediterranean[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2020,42(1):95-102.
[25] Wygrala B, Rottke W, Kornpihl D, et al . Assessment of controlling factors in mixed biogenic and thermogenic petroleum systems : a case study from the Levantine Basin[M]. Houston: AAPG Annual Convention and Exhibition, 2014.
[26] Boudaher S, Ducros M, Michel P, et al . 3D thermal history and maturity modelling of the Levant Basin and its eastern margin, offshore-onshore Lebanon[J]. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2016,9(440):1-10.
[27] Boudaher S, Nader F H, Strauss H, et al . Depositional environment and source-rock characterization of organic-matter rich upper Santonian-upper Campanian carbonates, Northern Lebanon[J]. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 2014,37(1):5-24.
[28] Günes P, Aksu A E, Hall J. Internal seismic stratigraphy of the Messinian evaporites across the northern sector of the eastern Mediterranean Sea[J]. Marine and petroleum Geology, 2018,91:297-320.
[29] Tari J, Hussein H, Novotny B, et al . Play types of the deepwater Matruh and Herodotus Basins, NW Egypt[J]. Petroleum Geoscience, 2012,18:443-455.
[30] Feinstein S, Aizenshtat Z, Miloslavski I, et al . Genetic characterization of gas shows in the East Mediterranean offshore of southwestern Israel[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2002,33(12):1401-1413.
[31] 贾怀存，康洪全，王春修，等．大型生物气田形成与富集条件研究—— 以东地中海黎凡特盆地为例[J]. 石油实验地质，2018,40(5):699-704. Jia Huaicun, Kang Hongquan, Wang Chunxiu, et al . Accumulation conditions of large biogas fields in Levantine B a s i n , E a s t Me d i t e r r a n e a n [ J ] . P e t r o l eum G e o l o g y a n d Experiment, 2018,40(5):699-704.
[32] Steinberg J, Gvirtzman Z, Folkman Y, et al . The origin and nature of the rapid late tertiary filling of the Levant Basin[J]. Geology, 2011,39:355-358.
[33] Gvirtzman Z, Csato I, Granjeon D. Constraining sediment transport to deep marine basins through submarine channels:the Levant margin in the Late Cenozoic[J]. Marine Geology, 2014,347:12-26.
[34] Sagy Y. Tectono-sedimentary processes in the deep Levant Basin[R]. Jerusalem: Geological Survey of Israel, 2016:1-136.
[35] Bar O, Gvirtzman Z, Feinstein S, et al . Accelerated subsidence and sedimentation in the Levant Basin during the Late Tertiary and concurrent uplift of the Arabian platform: tectonic versus counteracting sedimentary loading effects[J]. Tectonics, 2013,32(3):334-350.
[36] Gvirtzman Z. Gradual uplift and exposure of North Arabia and enhanced sedimentation in the Levant Basin during Neo-Tethys closure[R]. Jerusalem: Geological Survey of Israel, 2010:1-24.
[37] Macgregor D S. The development of the Nile drainage system: integration of onshore and offshore evidence[J]. Petroleum Geoscience, 2012,18(4):417-431.
[38] Needham D, Hosler J, Nowak S, et al . The Tamar Field from discovery to production[M]. Barcelona: AAPG European Regional Conference, 2013.
[39] Esestime P, Hewitt A, Hodgson N. Zohr :a newborn carbonate play in the Levantine Basin, East Mediterranean[J]. First Break, 2016,34:87-93.
[40] Gardosh M, Druckman Y. Seismic stratigraphy, structure and tectonic evolution of the Levantine Basin, offshore Israel[J]. Geological Society of London Special Publication, 2006,260: 201-227.
[41] Skiple C, Anderson E, Fürstenau J. Seismic interpretation and attribute analysis of the Herodotus and the Levantine Basin, offshore Cyprus and Lebanon[J]. Petroleum Geoscience, 2012,18:433-442.
[42] Al-Balushi A N, Neumaier M, Fraser A J, et al . The impact of the Messinian salinity crisis on the petroleum system of the Eastern Mediterranean: a critical assessment using 2D petroleum system modelling[J]. Petroleum Geoscience, 2016,22:357-379.