巴西大坎波斯盆地盐下碳酸盐岩油气成藏规律与勘探启示

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2020.04.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 巴西大坎波斯盆地盐下深海领域自2006 年发现Lula 特大型油田以来，已经发现了一系列大型油气田，成为全球勘探的热点地区之一。通过勘探发现、油气特征等分析，对盐下油气系统的成藏条件进行研究，认为盐下湖相泥页岩生烃条件优越，形成多个生烃中心、强充注油气系统；巨厚膏盐岩层延缓烃源岩演化，有效保存油气；湖相微生物岩储层大规模发育是油气富集的关键。采用规模序列法对盐下油气资源潜力进行了重新评价，待发现油气可采资源量约为331×108bbl。系统总结勘探历程与经验后，提出勘探思路转变、持续投入和技术进步是盐下大油气田发现的关键，商业性油气发现风险主要受优质储层规模、油气藏类型和经济储量规模的影响。裂谷期隆起区背景下的构造圈闭是最重要勘探目标，其次为地层—岩性圈闭，超深海远洋高隆带具有非常大的勘探潜力。

关键词: 油气富集规律, 勘探潜力, 勘探启示, 盐下油气系统, 大坎波斯盆地

Abstract: Since the discovery of the giant Lula oil field in 2006, a number of large oil and gas fields have been discovered in deep-water sub-salt strata in the Great Campos Basin in Brazil, which has become one of the ‘hotspots’ of global exploration. This study examines the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of sub-salt oil and gas systems by analyzing these exploration discoveries and their oil and gas characteristics. The results show that the hydrocarbon generation conditions of sub-salt lacustrine shales are excellent, forming multiple hydrocarbon generation centers and strong oil and gas charging systems. Extremely thick gypsum-salt strata delayed the evolution of source rocks and effectively preserved oil and gas. Large-scale development of lacustrine microbial reservoirs provided the conditions for oil and gas enrichment. Sub-salt oil and gas resource potential was re-evaluated for this study using the scale sequence method, revealing the yet-to-be-discovered recoverable oil and gas resources of around 331×108 bbl. Systematic analysis of exploration history and experience suggest that the key factors in the discovery of large sub-salt oil and gas fields are the transformation of exploration ideas, continuous investment, and technological progress. Risk in commercial oil and gas discovery is principally affected by the scale of high-quality reservoirs, the types of oil and gas reservoirs, and the scale of economic reserves. Structural traps which developed in uplifted areas during rift-periods are the most important exploration targets, followed by stratigraphic-lithologic traps. High positions in ultra-deep ocean have particular exploration potential.

中图分类号:

张忠民, 朱奕璇, 张德民, 苏玉山, 姚威, 鲍志东, 宋健, 沈卫宏. 巴西大坎波斯盆地盐下碳酸盐岩油气成藏规律与勘探启示[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2020, 25(4): 75-85.

Zhang Zhongmin, Zhu Yixuan, Zhang Demin, Su Yushan, Yao Wei, Bao Zhidong, Song Jian, Shen Weihong. Hydrocarbon accumulation rules and inspiration for the exploration of sub-salt carbonate reservoirs in the Great Campos Basin, Brazil[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020, 25(4): 75-85.

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