四川盆地潼南—合川区块中二叠统白云岩储层形成主控因素与勘探区带预测

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2022.04.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来，除川西地区和川南地区外，川中地区潼南—合川区块中二叠统栖霞组—茅口组多口钻井也钻遇白云岩储层并获得高产，展现了川中地区栖霞组—茅口组巨大的勘探潜力。但是前期针对川中地区栖霞组—茅口组研究认识较少，白云岩储层的成因与分布也存在较大争议。为弄清潼南—合川区块地层分布、沉积与储层特征，特别是优质白云岩储层形成的主控因素，充分利用最新的油气勘探成果和丰富的基础资料开展研究。结果表明：（1）潼南—合川区块栖霞组—茅口组划分为2个三级层序和6个四级层序，优质白云岩储层发育在层序的高位体系域。（2）栖霞组—茅口组均具有发育台内滩的沉积背景，大量发育台内生屑滩，白云岩储层主要发育在台内中高能滩相带内。（3）栖霞组白云岩储层单层厚度薄，垂向叠置发育；茅口组白云岩储层单层厚度较大，横向较连续；栖霞组—茅口组储集空间均以原生孔和准同生期溶蚀孔为主，台内中高能滩、受层序控制的岩溶作用和早期白云石化作用控制了白云岩储层的发育。（4）栖霞组白云岩储层环洼分布，有利勘探区带分布在潼南—合川区块中西部；茅口组白云岩储层主要发育在微古地貌高地的边缘斜坡部位，合深4 井东北侧地区是最有利的勘探区带。

关键词: 四川盆地, 潼南—合川, 储层成因, 岩溶作用, 栖霞组, 茅口组, 白云石化作用

Abstract: In recent years, in addition to the western and southern Sichuan Basin, dolomite reservoirs of the Middle Permian Qixia Formation-Maokou Formation have been penetrated in multiple wells in Tongnan-Hechuan block in the central Sichuan Basin and high production has been achieved, showing promising exploration potential in the central Sichuan Basin. However, there is little understanding on Qixia Formation-Maokou Formation in the central Sichuan Basin from previous study, and great disputes appear on the genesis and distribution of dolomite reservoirs. The latest petroleum exploration results and a large number of basic data are analyzed to identify the stratigraphic distribution, sedimentary and reservoir characteristics, especially the main controlling factors of the high-quality dolomite reservoir. The results show that: (1) Qixia Formation-Maokou Formation in Tongnan-Hechuan block is divided into two third-order sequences and six fourth-order sequences, and the high-quality dolomite reservoir is developed in the highstand system tract. (2) The sedimentary facies of Qixia Formation-Maokou Formation in Tongnan-Hechuan block was conducive to the deposition of granular beach, with a large number of bioclastic beach developed. The dolomite reservoir was mainly developed in high-energy beach facies zone. (3) The single layer of dolomite reservoir of Qixia Formation is thin and vertically superimposed, while that of Maokou Formation is greater and continuous in lateral. The reservoir space is dominated by primary pores and quasi syngenetic dissolution pores. The development of dolomite reservoir is mainly controlled by highenergy granular beach, sequence related karstification and early dolomitization. (4) The dolomite reservoir of Qixia Formation is mainly distributed in the circum subsag and the western part of Tongnan-Hechuan block is a favorable exploration zone. The dolomite reservoir of Maokou Formation is mainly developed in the edge slope of micro paleogeomorphologic high area and the northeast side of Well Heshen 4 is the most favorable exploration zone.

中图分类号:

TE112.2

朱茂, 黄世伟, 宋叙, 王显东, 师江波, 田小彬, 姚倩颖, 王慧. 四川盆地潼南—合川区块中二叠统白云岩储层形成主控因素与勘探区带预测[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2022, 27(4): 149-161.

Zhu Mao, Huang Shiwei, Song Xu, Wang Xiandong, Shi Jiangbo, Tian Xiaobin, Yao Qianying, Wang Hui. Main controlling factors of the Middle Permian dolomite reservoir and prediction of exploration zone in Tongnan-Hechuan block, Sichuan Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2022, 27(4): 149-161.

参考文献

[1] 马锋，杨柳明，顾家裕，等. 世界白云岩油气田勘探综述[J]. 沉积学报，2011,29(5):1010-1021.
Ma Feng, Yang Liuming, Gu Jiayu, et al . The summaryon exploration of the dolomite oilfields in the world[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2011,29(5):1010-1021.
[2] 沈安江，赵文智，胡安平，等. 海相碳酸盐岩储集层发育主控因素[J].石油勘探与开发，2015,42(5):545-554.
Shen Anjiang, Zhao Wenzhi, Hu Anping, et al . Major factors controlling the development of marine carbonate reservoirs[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2015,42(5):545-554.
[3] 杨雨，文龙，谢继容，等. 四川盆地海相碳酸盐岩天然气勘探进展与方向[J]. 中国石油勘探，2020,25(3):44-55.
Yang Yu, Wen Long, Xie Jirong, et al . Progress and direction of marine carbonate gas exploration in the Sichuan Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration, 2020,25(3):44-55.
[4] 谢增业，魏国齐，李剑，等. 四川盆地川中隆起带震旦系—二叠系天然气地球化学特征及成藏模式[J]. 中国石油勘探，2021,26(6):50-67.
Xie Zengye, Wei Guoqi, Li Jian, et al . Geochemical characteristics and accumulation pattern of gas reservoirs of the Sinian-Permian in central Sichuan uplift zone, Sichuan Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021,26(6):50-67.
[5] Adams J E，Rhodes M L．Dolomitization by see page reflection[J]．AAPG Bulletin, 1960,44(12):1912-1920．
[6] Badiozamani K. The dorag dolomitization model-applicationto the Middle Ordovician of Wisconsin[J]．Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 1973,43(4):965-984．
[7] Davies G R, Smith J L B．Structurally controlled hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies: an overview[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2006,90(11):1641-1690．
[8] Vasconcelos C, McKenzie J A．Microbial mediation of modern dolomite precipitation and diagenesis under anoxic conditions，Lagoa Vermelha, Riode Janeiro，Brazil[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 1997,67(3):378-390．
[9] Kenward P A, Goldstein R H, GonzMez L A, et al．Precipitation of low-temperature dolomite from an anaerobic microbial consortium: the role of methanogenic Archaea[J]．Geobiology, 2009,7(5):556-565.
[10] 文龙，汪华，徐亮，等. 四川盆地西部中二叠统栖霞组天然气成藏特征及主控因素[J]. 中国石油勘探，2021,26(6):68-81.
Wen Long, Wang Hua, Xu Liang, et al . Characteristics and main controlling factors of gas accumulation of the Middle Permian Qixia Formation in western Sichuan Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021,26(6):68-81.
[11] 江青春，汪泽成，苏旺，等. 四川盆地中二叠统茅口组一段泥灰岩源内非常规天然气成藏条件及有利勘探方向[J]. 中国石油勘探，2021,26(6):82-97.
Jiang Qingchun, Wang Zecheng, Su Wang, et al . Accumulation conditions and favorable exploration orientation of unconventional natural gas in the marl source rock of the first member of the Middle Permian Maokou Formation, Sichuan Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021,26(6):82-97.
[12] 周进高，姚根顺，杨光，等. 四川盆地栖霞组—茅口组岩相古地理与天然气有利勘探区带[J]. 天然气工业，2016,36(4):8-15.
Zhou Jingao, Yao Genshun, Yang Guang, et al . Lithofacies palaeogeography and favorable gas exploration zones of Qixia and Maokou Fms in Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(4):8-15.
[13] 厚刚福，周进高，谷明峰，等. 四川盆地中二叠统栖霞组、茅口组岩相古地理及勘探方向[J]. 海相油气地质，2017,22(1):25-31.
Hou Gangfu, Zhou Jingao, Gu Mingfeng，et al . Lithofacies palaeogeography and exploration realms of Middle Permian Qixia Formation and Maokou Formation, Sichuan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2017,22(1):25-31.
[14] 杨光，汪华，沈浩，等. 四川盆地中二叠统储层特征与勘探方向[J].天然气工业，2015,35(7):10-16.
Yang Guang, Wang Hua, Shen Hao, et al . Characteristics and exploration prospects of Middle Permian reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2015,35(7):10-16.
[15] 赵宗举，周慧，陈轩，等. 四川盆地及邻区二叠纪层序岩相古地理及有利勘探区带[J]. 石油学报，2012,33( 增刊2):35-51.
Zhao Zongju, Zhou Hui, Chen Xuan, et al . Sequence lithofacies paleogeography and favorable exploration zones of the Permian in Sichuan Basin and adjacent areas，China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2012,33(S2):35-51.
[16] 魏国齐，杨威，万怡平，等. 扬子地块西北缘二叠系—中三叠统层序地层与沉积相展布[J]. 岩石学报，2011,27(3):741-748.
Wei Guoqi, Yang Wei, Wan Yiping, et al . Stratigraphic sequence and sedimentary facies distribution of the Permian Middle Triassic in the northwestern margin of the Yangtze area[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2011,27(3):741-748.
[17] 田景春，林小兵，张翔，等. 四川盆地中二叠统栖霞组滩相白云岩多重成因机理及叠加效应[J]. 岩石学报，2014,30(3):679-686.
Tian Jingchun, Lin Xiaobing, Zhang Xiang, et al . The genetic mechanism of shoal facies dolomite and its additive effect of Permian Qixia Formation in Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2014,30(3):679-686.
[18] 金振奎，冯增昭. 滇东—川西下二叠统白云岩的形成机理：玄武岩淋滤白云化[J]. 沉积学报，1999,17(3):383-389.
Jin Zhenkui, Feng Zengzhao. Origin of dolostones of the Lower Permian in east Yunnan － west Sichuan: dolomitization through leaching of basalts[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1999,17(3):383-389.
[19] 赵娟，曾德铭，梁锋，等. 川中南部地区下二叠统栖霞组白云岩储层成因研究[J]. 地质力学学报，2018,24(2):212-219.
Zhao Juan, Zeng Deming, Liang Feng, et al . The genesis of the dolomite reservoirs of the lower Permian Qixia Formation in the south central Sichuan Basin[J]. Journal of Geomechanics,2018,24(2):212-219.
[20] 李明隆，谭秀成，罗冰，等．四川盆地西北部中二叠统栖霞组相控早期高频暴露岩溶特征及启示[J]. 中国石油勘探，2020,25(3):66-82.
Li Minglong, Tan Xiucheng, Luo Bing, et al . Characteristics of facies-controlled and early high-frequency exposed karstification in the Qixia Formation of Middle Permian in the northwest of Sichuan Basin and its significance[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020,25(3):66-82.
[21] 段军茂，郑剑锋，沈安江，等. 川中地区下二叠统栖霞组白云岩储层特征和成因[J]. 海相油气地质，2021,26(4):345-356.
Duan Junmao, Zheng Jianfeng, Shen Anjiang, et al . Characteristics and genesis of dolomite reservoir of the Lower Permian Qixia Formation in central Sichuan Basin[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2021,26(4):345-356.
[22] 孟森，周进高，杨柳，等．川西地区中二叠统栖霞组中—粗晶白云岩成因[J]. 海相油气地质，2017,22(1):75-83.
Meng Sen, Zhou Jingao, Yang Liu, et al . Genesis of mediumcoarse crystalline dolomite of Middle Permian Qixia Formation，western Sichuan[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2017,22(1):75-83.
[23] 陈轩，赵文智，刘银河，等. 川西南地区中二叠统热液白云岩特征及勘探思路[J]. 石油学报，2013,34(3):460-466.
Chen Xuan, Zhao Wenzhi, Liu Yinhe, et al . Characteristics and exploration strategy of the Middle Permian hydrothermal dolomite in southwest Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(3):460-466.
[24] 蒋志斌，王兴志，曾德铭，等. 川西北下二叠统栖霞组有利成岩作用与孔隙演化[J]. 中国地质，2009,36(1):101-109.
Jiang Zhibin, Wang Xingzhi, Zeng Deming, et al . Constructive diagenesis and porosity evolution in the Lower Permian Qixia Formation of Northwest Sichuan[J]. Geology in China, 2009,36(1):101-109.
[25] 舒晓辉，张军涛，李国蓉，等. 四川盆地北部栖霞组—茅口组热液白云岩特征与成因[J]. 石油与天然气地质，2012,33(3):442-448,458.
Shu Xiaohui, Zhang Juntao, Li Guorong，et al . Characteristics and genesis of hydrothermal dolomites of Qixia and Maokou Formations in northern Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology,2012,33(3):442-448,458.
[26] 白晓亮，杨跃明，杨雨，等. 川西北栖霞组优质白云岩储层特征及主控因素[J]. 西南石油大学学报( 自然科学版)，2019,41(1):47-56.
Bai Xiaoliang, Yang Yueming, Yang Yu, et al . Characteristics and controlling factors of high-quality dolomite reservoirs in the Permian Qixia Formation, Northwestern Sichuan[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition), 2019,41(1):47-56.
[27] 王海真，池英柳，赵宗举，等. 四川盆地栖霞组岩溶储层及勘探选区[J]. 石油学报，2013,34(5):833-842.
Wang Haizhen, Chi Yingliu, Zhao Zongju, et al . Karst reservoirs and exploration areas of Qixia Formation in Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica，2013,34(5):833-842.
[28] 杨帅，陈安清，张玺华，等. 四川盆地二叠纪栖霞—茅口期古地理格局转换及勘探启示[J]. 沉积学报，2021,39(6):1466-1477.
Yang Shuai, Chen Anqing, Zhang Xihua, et al . Paleogeographic transition of the Permian Chihsia-Maokou period in the Sichuan Basin and indications for oil-gas exploration[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2021,39(6):1466-1477.
[29] 郝毅，谷明峰，韦东晓，等. 四川盆地二叠系栖霞组沉积特征及储层分布规律[J]. 海相油气地质，2020,25(3):193-201.
Hao Yi, Gu Mingfeng, Wei Dongxiao, et al . Sedimentary characteristics and reservoir distribution of the Permian Qixia Formation in Sichuan Basin[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2020,25(3):193-201.
[30] 郝毅，姚倩颖，田瀚，等. 四川盆地二叠系茅口组沉积特征及储层主控因素[J]. 海相油气地质，2020,25(3):202-209.
Hao Yi, Yao Qianying, Tian Han, et al . Sedimentary characteristics and reservoir controlling factors of the Permian Maokou Formation in Sichuan Basin[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2020, 25(3):202-209.
[31] 沈安江，乔占峰，佘敏，等. 基于溶蚀模拟实验的碳酸盐岩埋藏溶蚀孔洞预测方法：以四川盆地龙王庙组储层为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质，2021,42(3):690-701. Shen Anjiang, Qiao Zhanfeng, She Min, et al . Prediction of burial dissolved vugs in carbonates based on dissolution simulation: a case study of the Longwangmiao Formation dolostone reservoirs，Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology,2021,42(3):690-701.
[32] 佘敏，蒋义敏，胡安平，等. 碳酸盐岩溶蚀模拟实验技术进展及应用[J]. 海相油气地质，2020,25(1):12-21.
She Min, Jiang Yimin, Hu Anping, et al . The progress and application of dissolution simulation of carbonate rock[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2020,25(1):12-21.