关键词: 碳排放, 碳中和, 欧美国家, 油气资源国, 政策特征

Abstract: The major countries are classified into three types of economic growth-energy consumption driven type, energy production driven type, and economic growth-energy production/consumption driven type. Then the carbon emission history is reviewed and the development characteristics are analyzed of these countries. Among them, the carbon emission trend of economic growth-energy consumption driven type countries conforms to the inverted “U” shaped environmental Kuznets curve. The energy production and carbon emission show a “double high” positive correlation of energy production driven type countries. While the carbon emission trend of economic growth-energy production/consumption driven type countries is characterized by “L” shape and inverted “L” shape curves. Driven by various factors, the carbon neutrality policies of the European Union, resource countries in various regions, and the United States are categorized into three types of leading, following and independent types, and the key policies are interpreted in detail. On this basis, it is suggested to properly handle the relationship between economic recovery and low-carbon development, diversify low-carbon development policies, strengthen research on climate transition policies and market, and put forward preparatory plans to cope with the policy adjustment of resource countries. On the other hand, communication with energy production countries, energy consumption countries, and major carbon emission countries should be strengthened, and dialogue platforms for low-carbon development at international and industrial levels should be built.