地震资料在气藏测井解释评价中的重要作用——以西伯利亚盆地M气田为例

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2024.02.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 西伯利亚盆地M气田的白垩系上部层系HM1层、HM2层砂岩储层存在低阻气层，测井资料不完整，缺少密度和中子孔隙度曲线，给气层的解释评价带来较大困难。应用测井及试气资料发现地震剖面中亮点反射特征和储层含气性有很好的相关性，应用AVO技术，对地震叠前资料作了提噪和振幅补偿等处理工作，得到5个道集高精度的AVO剖面，通过分析振幅和炮检距的变化关系，进一步证实了地震亮点反射特征是气层引起的，确定了地震资料在辅助测井解释及气层预测研究中的可行性。用测井资料对地震剖面进行有效刻度、标定，排除地震反射特征中与天然气富集无关的岩性等因素，建立地震反射特征和储层含气性之间的直接关系。充分挖掘和利用地震资料中包含的天然气信息，亮点反射、锅底反射、屏蔽—吸收等地震剖面的反射特征辅助测井解释，在弥补测井资料不足的同时，也对测井解释结论进一步验证，根据亮点的分布范围精确地圈定出HM1层、HM2层的含气范围，真正实现了井—震结合。另外，利用亮点的振幅变化特征在预测高丰度的含气区、预测气层的厚度变化及估算气水界面等方面也发挥了巨大的作用。在气藏进行解释评价中采用这种井—震结合的方法，取得了非常好的效果，为井位优选提供了可靠的依据，成果得到了生产实践的检验。

关键词: 地震资料, 气藏, 测井解释评价, 重要作用

Abstract: The low-resistivity gas layers are observed in HM1 and HM2 sandstone reservoirs in the upper part of the Cretaceous in M Gas Field. Due to the incomplete logging data and lack of density and neutron porosity curves, there are great challenges in gas layer interpretation and evaluation. In the process of logging and well test data interpretation, it is found that there is a good correlation between the bright spot reflection feature in seismic profile and gas-bearing property of the reservoir. AVO technology is applied to process the pre-stack seismic data such as noise reduction and amplitude compensation, and the high-precision AVO profile is obtained with five channels. The analysis of the relationship between amplitude and offset further proves that the bright spot seismic reflection is caused by gas layer, and confirms the feasibility of using seismic data in assisting logging interpretation and gas layer prediction. After effectively scaling and calibrating seismic profile and eliminate lithology factors unrelated to gas enrichment in seismic reflection features by logging data, the direct relationship between seismic reflection features and gas-bearing property of the reservoir is established. By fully tapping and utilizing natural gas information contained in seismic data, the reflection features of seismic profile such as bright spot reflection, pot bottom reflection, and shield-absorption are used to assist logging interpretation, which not only makes up for the lack of logging data, but also further verifies the logging interpretation conclusions. Based on the distribution range of bright spots, the gas-bearing range of HM1 and HM2 layers is precisely delineated, achieving the combination of well and seismic data. In addition, the amplitude variation of bright spots plays a significant role in predicting the high-abundance gas-bearing zone, predicting the thickness variation of gas layers, and estimating the gas-water contact. In the process of gas reservoir interpretation and evaluation, superior results have been obtained by the method of well and seismic data combination, providing a reliable basis for the optimal selection of well location, which has been confirmed by production practice.

中图分类号:

TE631.445

吴国海, 胡欣, 郭振华, 倪国辉, 姜仁, 杨爰齐, 王坤. 地震资料在气藏测井解释评价中的重要作用——以西伯利亚盆地M气田为例[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2024, 29(2): 147-157.

Wu Guohai, Hu Xin, Guo Zhenhua, Ni Guohui, Jiang Ren, Yang Yuanqi, Wang Kun. Important role of seismic data in gas reservoir logging interpretation and evaluation: a case study of M Gas Field in Siberian Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2024, 29(2): 147-157.

参考文献

[1] 赵学松，崔立叶，赵伟森，等.AVO技术在固安地区浅层天然气藏的有效检测[J].中国石油勘探，2012,17(6):73-79.
Zhao Xuesong, Cui Liye, Zhao Weisen, et al. Effective detection of shallow natural gas reservoirs with AVO technology in Guan area[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2012,17(6):73-79.
[2] 杜新江，周妍，朱萍，等.AVO技术在苏里格气田SQW区块的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探，2013,48(5):785-792.
Du Xinjiang, Zhou Yan, Zhu Ping, et al. Application of AVO technology in SQW block of Sulige Gasfield[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2013,48(5):785-792.
[3] 曾忠，阎世信，魏修成，等．苏里格气田地震预测技术效果分析及对策[J]．石油勘探与开发，2003,30(6):63-67.
Zeng Zhong, Yan Shixin, Wei Xiucheng, et al. Effect analysis and countermeasures of seismic prediction technology in Sulige Gasfield[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2003,30(6): 63-67.
[4] 罗宇，牟泽辉，朱宏权，等．鄂尔多斯盆地北部塔巴庙地区气层识别与预测[J]．石油勘探与开发，2003,30(4):61-64.
Luo Yu, Mou Zehui, Zhu Hongquan, et al. Gas layer identification and prediction in Tabamiao area of northern Ordos Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2003,30(4): 61-64.
[5] 王冰洁，王静，潘晓晨.曲靖盆地茨营组三段Ⅳ砂组含气性的地震预测[J].天然气工业，2012,32(4):42-45.
Wang Bingjie, Wang Jing, Pan Xiaochen. Seismic prediction of gas bearing capacity in Sand set Ⅳ of the Ciying Formation Qujing Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2012,32(4):42-45.
[6] 张光荣，廖奇，喻颐，等.四川盆地高磨地区龙王庙组气藏高效开发有利区地震预测[J].天然气工业，2017,37(1):66-74.
Zhang Guangrong, Liao Qi, Yu Yi, et al. Seismic prediction of favorable area for efficient gas development of the Longwangmiao Formation in Gaomo area Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2017,37(1):66-74.
[7] 王大兴，赵玉华，王永刚，等.苏里格气田低渗透砂岩岩性气藏多波地震勘探技术[J].中国石油勘探，2015,20(2):59-67.
Wang Daxing, Zhao Yuhua, Wang Yonggang, et al. Multi-wave seismic exploration technology for low permeability sandstone Lithologic gas reservoir in Sulige Gasfield[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2015,20(2):59-67.
[8] 扈玖战.AVO正反演技术在杏树岗地区浅层气预测中的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发，2015,34(4):134-138.
Hu Jiuzhan. Application of AVO forward and inversion technology in shallow gas prediction in Xingshugang area[J]. Petroleum Geology & Development in Daqing, 2015,34(4):134-138.
[9] 夏红敏.天然气藏地震反射特征及预测方法研究[D].北京：中国石油大学（北京），2006.
Xia Hongmin. Research on seismic reflection characteristics and prediction methods of Natural gas reservoirs[D]. Beijing: China University of Petroleum(Beijing), 2006.
[10] Wang Yao, Wang Yanfei. Quantitative evaluation of gas hydrate reservoir by AVO attributes analysis based on the Brekhovskikh equation[J]. Petroleum Science, 2023,20(4):2045-2059.
[11] Hashem, Helal A E N, Lala A M S, et al. Application of AVO and seismic attributes techniques for characterizing pliocene sand reservoirs in Darfeel Field, eastern Mediterranean, Egypt[J]. International Journal of Geosciences, 2022,13(10):973-984.
[12] 李勇根，张朝军，曾庆才，等.薄层砂岩含气性多维信息加权约束地震反演判识方法及应用：以鄂尔多斯盆地庆北地区山西组一段为例[J].地质学报，2021,95(8):2628-2639.
Li Yonggen, Zhang Chaojun, Zeng Qingcai, et al. Identification method of gas bearing property of thin tight sandstone based on comprehensive analysis of geology and geophysics: a case study on the 1st member of Shanxi Formation in north Qingcheng area of Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2021,95(8):2628-2639.
[13] 冉建斌，张明玉，李海银，等.“两宽一高”三维地震资料的纵向分辨率探讨及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探，2018,53(3):520-537.
Ran Jianbin, Zhang Mingyu, Li Haiyin, et al. Vertical resolution of broadband,wide-azimuth and high-density seismic data[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2018,53(3):520-537.
[14] 凌云，林鸿梅，张红杰，等.层序地层学与局域三维地震解释[J].石油物探，2021,60(5):773-783.
Ling Yun, Lin Hongmei, Zhang Hongjie, et al. Sequence stratigraphy and local 3D seismic interpretation countermeasures, petroleum geophysical prospecting[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2021,60(5):773-783.
[15] 云美厚，赵秋芳，李晓斌.地震分辨率思考与高分辨率勘探对策[J].石油地球物理勘探，2022,57(5):1250-1262.
Yun Meihou, Zhao Qiufang, Li Xiaobin. Seismic resolution thinking and high-resolution exploration countermeasures[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2022,57(5):1250-1262.
[16] 倪宇东.可控震源地震勘探采集技术[M].北京：石油工业出版社，2014.
Ni Yudong. Vibroseis seismic exploration and acquisition technology[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2014.
[17] 王红，李红梅.基于正演模型的砂泥薄互层地震属性特征分析[J].油气藏评价与开发，2015,5(3):15-21.
Wang Hong, Li Hongmei. Analysis of seismic properties of sand-mud thin interbed based on forward modeling[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2015,5(3):15-21.
[18] Alfredo M. Prestack amplitude analysis methodology and application to seismic bright spots in the Po Valley, Italy[J]. Geophysics, 2012,55(2):157-166.
[19] 李达，隋波，马光克，等.地震多属性分析技术在含气储层预测中的应用[J].海洋地质前沿，2012,28(6):51-55.
Li Da, Sui Bo, Ma Guangke, et al. Application of seismic multi-attribute analysis technique to prediction of gas-bearing reservoir[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2012,28(6):51-55.
[20] 林小兵，刘莉萍.利用地震多属性分析技术预测“暗点”型含气储层[J].新疆石油地质，2007,25(2):183-186.
Lin Xiaobing, Liu Liping. Prediction of“dark spot”gas-bearing reservoir by seismic multi-attribute analysis[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2007,25(2):183-186.
[21] 杜新江，任春玲.利用“同相轴下拉”地震反射特征预测苏里格气田气层[J].石油天然气学报，2008,30(2):466-467.
Du Xinjiang, Ren Chunling. Prediction of gas reservoirs in Sulige Gasfield by using the seismic reflection feature of“in-phase axis pull-down”[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology, 2008,30(2):466-467.
[22] 李绪宣．莺歌海盆地浅层天然气藏的地震识别技术研究[J]．中国海上油气地质，2000,14(3):193-199．
Li Xuxuan. Study on seismic identification technology of shallow natural gas reservoir in Yinggehai Basin[J]. China Offshore Petroleum Geology, 2000,14(3):193-199.
[23] 付锁堂，马达得，陈琰，等.柴达木盆地阿尔金山前东段天然气勘探[J].中国石油勘探，2015,20(6):1-13.
Fu Suotang, Ma Dade, Chen Yan, et al. Natural gas exploration in Eastern segment of Alkin Piedmont, northern Qaidam Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2015,20(6):1-13.
[24] 史松群，赵玉华．苏里格气田低阻砂岩储层的含气性预测研究[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2003,38(1):77-83．
Shi Songqun, Zhao Yuhua. Prediction of gas bearing capacity of low resistance sandstone reservoirs in Sulige Gasfield[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2003,38(1):77-83.
[25] 汪功怀，何碧竹，刘亚村.利用地震资料识别台南气田的天然气[J].石油地球物理勘探，2004,39(2):215-217.
Wang Gonghuai, He Bizhu, Liu Yacun. Identification of natural gas in Tainan Gasfield by seismic data[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2004,39(2):215-217.
[26] 王利田，王志章，秦志军，等.应用地震属性分析预测气藏储集层[J].新疆石油地质，2007,28(3):369-371.
Wang Litian, Wang Zhizhang, Qin Zhijun, et al. Prediction of gas reservoirs by seismic attribute analysis[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2007,28(3):369-371.
[27] 尚永生.天然气藏地震识别技术研究[D].北京：中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所，2007.
Shang Yongsheng. Research on seismic identification technology of natural gas reservoir[D]. Beijing: Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2007.
[28] 欧阳永林，杨池银．用常规及近、远道叠加剖面识别气层[J]．天然气地球科学，2003,14(8):287-290.
Ouyang Yonglin, Yang Chiyin. To identify gas layer using conventional stacked profiles an near, far offset trace stacked profiles[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2003,14(8):287-290.
[29] Clairmont R, Bedle H, Marfurt K, et al. Seismic attribute analyses and attenuation applications for detecting gas hydrate presence[J]. Geosciences, 2021,11(11):450-450.
[30] 杨开珍，陈伟明，王德新，等. 川西坳陷中南段浅层气的地震响应特征[J].天然气工业，2000,20(5)：39-41.
Yang Kaizhen, Chen Weiming, Wang Dexin, et al. Seismic response characteristics of shallow gas in the centresouth part of west Sichuan Depression[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2000,20(5): 39-41.
[31] 杨开珍，陈代军，陈伟民，等.洛带气田蓬莱镇组气层地震反射特征及横向预测[J]. 物探化探计算技术，2000,22(3):216-218.
Yang Kaizhen, Chen Daijun, Chen Weimin, et al. Seismic reflection characteristics and lateral prediction of gas layers in Penglaizhen Formation of Luodai Gasfield[J]. Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2000,22(3):216-218.