徐家围子断陷深层煤岩气藏地质特征与勘探方向

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2024.04.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确徐家围子断陷深部煤层气勘探有利区，综合地震、岩心和地球化学等多种资料，系统分析了深部煤层气成因、烃源岩类型、储层特征和储盖组合等有利成藏条件。结果表明：①沙河子组1号、2号煤层是形成于三角洲前缘和滨浅湖沼泽环境的稳定煤岩，煤岩厚度约3～10m，TOC平均约29.65%，正处于高- 过成熟阶段；②沙河子组煤层气以甲烷为主，为自生自储的高—过成熟煤型气；③煤岩储集空间类型多样，以张性微裂隙、原生植物组织孔、气孔和矿物质孔为主，孔隙度和渗透率平均为4.74% 和4.42mD，是深层有利储层；④沙河子组顶部发育泥岩、泥质粉砂岩2种盖层和3种储盖组合，顶底泥岩和顶泥底砂型储盖组合封闭性高，与煤层内广泛分布的超压封存箱一起，为深部煤层气的保存创造了有利条件；⑤在煤层气藏地质特征研究基础上，通过生烃模拟估算研究区各生烃洼槽的资源量并进行排队，并结合煤岩厚度、埋藏深度、成熟度等多种参数，优选宋站洼槽1号煤层和徐西洼槽2号煤层等2个有利区，泥质盖层厚度大于5m的区域为近期煤层气勘探突破方向。

关键词: 徐家围子断陷, 沙河子组, 煤层气, 成藏条件, 突破方向

Abstract: In order to make clarify the favorable exploration of coal gas in deep Xujiaweizi fault depression, we systematical study the geological characteristics of coal gas reservoirs, such as genesis of coal gas, source, reservoir and cap-reservoir combination, by making full use of the data such as seismic, coal and geochemical. The result is that there are two kinds of coal named 1 and 2 coal, which is sediment in shallow lake and delta-front. They are generally reach the high-over-mature stage, with a thickness of 3～10m and average TOC of 29.65%.The coal gas is dominated by methane, and they are all coal-generated gas. The porosity and permeability of coal is 4.74% and 4.42mD. There are several different kinds of reservoir space such as tensile micro-fractures, primary plant tissue pores, pores and mineral pores are developed,which make the coal a favorable reservoir for coal gas in deep layer. There are two kinds of cape and three kinds of cap-reservoir combination in the coal gas, the top and bottom mudstone type and top mud and bottom sand type cap is the favorable gas cap-reservoir combination. The overpressure fluid seal box within the Shahezi Formation is a favorable condition for sealing coal gas at the same time. We selected the 1 coal in Songzhan Sag and 2 coal in Xuxi Sag as the favorable areas for coal gas enrichment area, based on various favorable reservoir-forming conditions, which is also the breakthrough direction of coal gas exploration in the future.

Key words: Xujiaweizi fault depression, Shahezi Formation, Coal gas, Accumulation conditions, exploration direction

中图分类号:

TE15

孙立东, 杨亮, 许金双, 刘家军, 李笑梅, 李国政. 徐家围子断陷深层煤岩气藏地质特征与勘探方向[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2024, 29(4): 73-83.

Sun Lidong, Yang Liang, Xu Jinshuang, Liu Jiajun, Li Xiaomei, Li Guozheng. Geological characteristics and exploration direction of coal gas reservoir in deep layer of Xujiaweizi fault depression[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2024, 29(4): 73-83.

参考文献

[1] 秦勇. 中国深部煤层气地质研究进展[J]. 石油学报，2023,44(11):1791-1811.
Qin Yong. Progress on geological research of deep coalbed methane in China[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023,44(11):1791-1811.
[2] 牛小兵，赵伟波，史云鹤，等．鄂尔多斯盆地本溪组天然气成藏条件及勘探潜力[J]. 石油学报，2023,44(8):1240-1257.
Niu Xiaobing, Zhao Weibo, Shi Yunhe, et al . Natural gas accumulation conditions and exploration potential of Benxi Formation in Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023,44(8):1240-1257.
[3] 郭绪杰，支东明，毛新军，等准噶尔盆地煤层气的勘探发现及意义[J].中国石油勘探，2021,26(6):38-49.
Guo Xujie, Zhi Dongming, Mao Xinjun, et al . Discovery and significance of coal measure gas in Junggar Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021,26(6):38-49.
[4] 赵喆，徐旺林，赵振宇，等. 鄂尔多斯盆地本溪组煤岩气地质特征与勘探突破[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2024,51(2):1-15.
Zhao Zhe, Xu Wanglin, Zhao Zhenyu, et al . Geological characteristics and exploration breakthroughs of coal rock gas in Benxi Formation, Ordos Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2024,51(2):1-15.
[5] 徐凤银，王成旺，熊先钺，等. 深部( 层) 煤层气成藏模式与关键技术对策：以鄂尔多斯盆地东缘为例[J]. 中国海上油气，2022,34(4):30-42.
Xu Fengyin, Wang Chengwang, Xiong Xianyue, et al . Deep (layer) coalbed methane reservoir forming modes and key technical countermeasures - Taking the eastern margin of Ordos Basin as an example[J]. China offshore Oil and Gas, 2022,34(4):30-42.
[6] 邹才能，杨智，黄士鹏，等. 煤系天然气的资源类型、形成分布与发展前景[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2019,46(3):433-442.
Zou Caineng, Yang Zhi, Huang Shipeng, et al . Resource types, formation, distribution and prospects of coal-measure gas[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2019,46(3): 433-442.
[7] 徐凤银，侯伟，熊先钺，等. 中国煤层气产业现状与发展战略[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2023,50(4):669-682.
Xu Fengyin, Hou Wei, Xiongh Xianyue, et al . The status and development strategy of coalbed methane industry in China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2023,50(4):669-682.
[8] 贾承造. 中国石油工业上游科技进展与未来攻关方向[J]. 石油科技论坛，2021,40(3):1-10.
Jia Chengzao. China’s petroleum industrial up stream technological development and its future research areas[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2021,40(3):1-10.
[9] 李启晖，任大忠，甯波，等. 鄂尔多斯盆地神木地区侏罗系延安组煤层微观孔隙结构特征[J]. 岩性油气藏，2024,36(2):76-88.
Li Qihui, Ren Dazhong, Ning Bo, et al .Micro-pore structure characteristics of coal seams of Jurassic Yan’an Formation in Shenmu area, Ordos Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024,36(2):76-88.
[10] 李国欣，朱如凯. 中国石油非常规油气发展现状、挑战与关注问题[J].中国石油勘探，2020,25(2):1-13.
Li Guoxin, Zhu Rukai. Progress, challenges and key issues in the unconventional oil and gas development of CNPC[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020,25(2):1-13.
[11] 席胜利，闫伟，刘新社，等. 鄂尔多斯盆地天然气勘探新领域、新类型及资源潜力[J]. 石油学报，2024,45(1):33-51,132.
Xi Shengli, Yan Wei, Liu Xinshe, et al . New fields, new types and resource potentials of natural gas exploration in Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2024,45(1):33-51,132.
[12] 陆加敏，刘超. 断陷盆地致密砂砾岩气成藏条件和资源潜力：以松辽盆地徐家围子断陷下白垩统沙河子组为例[J]. 中国石油勘探，2016,21(2):53-60.
Lu Jiaming, Liu Chao. Accumulation conditions and resource potential of tight glutenite gas in fault depression basins: a case study on Lower Cretaceous Shahezi Formation in Xujiaweiz fault depression,Songliao Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2016,21(2):53-60.
[13] 王广昀，王凤兰，赵波，等. 大庆油田公司勘探开发形势与发展战略[J]. 中国石油勘探，2021,26(1):55-73.
Wang Guangyun, Wang Fenglan, Zhao Bo, et al . Exploration and development situation and development strategy of Daqing Oilfield Company[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021,26(1):55-73.
[14] 印长海，杨亮，杨步增. 松辽盆地北部沙河子组致密气勘探及下步攻关方向[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发，2019,38(5):135-142．
Yin Changhai, Yang liang, Yang Buzeng. Tight gas exploration and the next research direction for Shahezi Formation in North Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2019,38(5):135-142．
[15] 钟安宁，周翔. 松辽盆地徐家围子断陷沙河子组物源与沉积体系分析[J]. 沉积学报，2020,38(3):610-619.
Zhong Anning, Zhou Xiang. Provenance and sedimentary system analysis of Shahezi Formation in Xujiaweizi Fault Depression,Songliao Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2020,38(3):610-619.
[16] 罗霞，孙粉锦，邵明礼，等. 松辽盆地深层煤型气与气源岩地球化学特征[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2009,36(3):339-346.
Luo Xia, Sun Fenjin, Shao Mingli, et al . Geochemistry of deep coal-type gas and gas source rocks in Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2009,36(3):339-346.
[17] Stahl W J, Carey B D. Source-rock identification by isotope analyses of natural gases from fields in the Val Verde and Delaware basins,Weat Texas[J]. Chem.Geol, 1975,16:257-267.
[18] Fuex A N.The use of stable carbon isotopes in hydrocarbon exploration[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 1977,7(2): 155-188.
[19] 李浩，陆建林，左宗鑫，等. 长岭断陷南部断陷层湖相优质烃源岩发育控制因素[J]. 石油与天然气地质，2015,36(2):209-218.
Li Hao, Lu Jianlin, Zuo Zongxin, et al . Controlling factors of high-quality lacustrine hydrocarbon source rocks in southern Changling Ddpression[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2015,36(2):209-218.
[20] 牛小兵，赵伟波，史云鹤，等. 鄂尔多斯盆地本溪组天然气成藏条件及勘探潜力[J]. 石油学报，2023,44(8):1240-1257.
Niu Xiaobing, Zhao Weibo, Shi Yunhe, et al . Natural gas accumulation conditions and exploration potential of Benxi Formation in Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023,44(8): 1240-1257.
[21] 杨秀春，徐凤银，王虹雅，等鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤层气勘探开发历程与启示[J]. 煤田地质与勘探，2022,50(3):30-41.
Yang Xiuchun, Xu Fengyin, Wang Hongya, et al . Exploration development process of coalbed methane in eastern margin of Ordos Basin and its enlightenment[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration,2022,50(3):30-41.