黄骅坳陷上古生界煤岩气成藏条件与勘探方向

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2024.04.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 黄骅坳陷上古生界太原组—山西组煤层分布广、厚度大、埋藏深，具备煤岩气勘探条件，但勘探亟待明确主力煤层分布、顶板封挡性、煤层含气性与资源规模等地质问题。文章基于坳陷内40 余口煤层钻遇井钻井、测井、录井及地球化学资料，进行了煤层分布、太原组煤岩气形成条件、含气性及资源量等前期评价。研究认为：黄骅坳陷太原组—山西组煤层发育孔店—关家堡、泊头—盐山地区南北两个聚煤区，主体埋深为1500～4500m，“煤薄层多”，单层厚度为0.5～6.2m，大多为1～3m，累计厚度可达32.7m；受深埋和火山活动的热作用，太原组煤岩镜质组反射率R_o普遍大于0.85%，处于中等热演化阶段；研究区内煤岩与顶板岩层具有煤—泥、煤—灰、煤—砂3种储盖组合类型，其中广泛发育的煤—泥储盖类型，封挡条件较好；利用测井参数多元回归分析等方法，预测太原组Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组煤层含气量分布，初步计算太原组煤岩气资源量超1.1×10¹²m³。优选乌马营地区王官屯斜坡为突破方向，探索煤岩气“常非储层共生、吸附气和游离气共存”成藏模式。

关键词: 黄骅坳陷, 太原组, 煤岩气, 勘探方向

Abstract: In Huanghua Depression, coal seams in Shanxi-Taiyuan formations have wide distribution area, great thickness, and large burial depth, showing good conditions for coal measure gas exploration. However, some geological parameters should urgently be clarified such as the main coal seam distribution, sealing capacity of cap rocks, gas bearing property, and resource amount. Based on drilling, wireline logging,mud logging and geochemical data from wells encountering coal seams in the depression, the preliminary assessment has been conducted on coal seam distribution, coal measure gas accumulation conditions, gas content, and resource amount in Taiyuan Formation. The study results indicate that two main coal accumulation areas of Shanxi-Taiyuan coal seams were developed in Kongdian-Guanjiabao and Botou-Yanshan areas in the southern and northern parts, with the main burial depth range of 1500-4500 m, multi set thin coal seams, single coal seam thickness of 0.5-6.2 m and mostly of 1-3 m, and cumulative thicknesses reaching up to 32.7 m; Due to deeply burying and volcanic heating, the vitrinite reflectance (R_o) of Taiyuan Formation coal measure rocks are generally greater than 0.85%, indicating a moderate thermal evolution stage;In the study area, there are three types of lithologic combinations between coal seam and cap rock, i.e., coal-mudstone, coal-limestone, and coal-sandstone, among which the extensively developed coal-mudstone combination provides favorable sealing conditions; By using methods such as multivariate regression analysis of well logging parameters, gas content of Ⅳ , Ⅴ , and Ⅵ coal groups in Taiyuan Formation has been predicted, and the preliminarily estimated coal measure gas resources of 1.1×10¹² m³. In addition, Wangguantun slope in Wumaying area has optimally been selected as a favorable orientation to study the coal measure gas accumulation pattern of “coexistence of conventional and unconventional reservoirs, and cooccurrence of adsorbed and free gas”.

中图分类号:

TE122.1

蒲秀刚, 董雄英, 柴公权, 李宏军, 李昊东, 吕德胜, 于超, 勐睿, 邵阳, 何川. 黄骅坳陷上古生界煤岩气成藏条件与勘探方向[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2024, 29(4): 61-72.

Pu Xiugang, Dong Xiongying, Chai Gongquan, Li Hongjun, Li Haodong, Lv Desheng, Yu Chao, Meng Rui, Shao Yang, He Chuan. Accumulation conditions and exploration orientation of coal measure gas in the Upper Paleozoic in Huanghua Depression[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2024, 29(4): 61-72.

参考文献

[1] 戴金星，戚厚发，王少昌，等. 我国煤系的气油地球化学特征、煤成气形成条件及资源评价[M]. 北京：石油工业出版社，2001.
Dai Jinxing, Qi Houfa, Wang Shaochang, et al .Geochemical features of hydrocarbon from coalmeasure formation and resource evaluation of coa-l formed gas reservoir in China[M]．Beijing：Petroleum Industry Press, 2001．
[2] 自然资源部油气资源战略研究中心. 煤层气资源动态评价[M]. 北京：地质出版社，2017.
Strategic Research Center of Oil and Gas Resources, MNR. Evaluation of coalbed methane resources[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2017.
[3] 张道勇，朱杰，赵先良，等. 全国煤层气资源动态评价与可利用性分析[J]. 煤炭学报，2018,43(6):1598-1604.
Zhang Daoyong，Zhu Jie，Zhao Xianliang，et al ．Dynamic assessment of coalbed methane resources and availability in China[J]．Journal of China Coal Society, 2018,43(6):1598-1604．
[4] 潘继平. 中国油气勘探开发新进展与前景展望[J]. 石油科技论坛，2023,42(1): 23-31.
Pan Jiping. New progress and outlook of China’s oil and gas exploration and development[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2023,42(1):23-31.
[5] 刘洪林，王红岩，宁宁，等. 中国煤层气资源及中长期发展趋势预测[J]. 中国能源，2005(7):21-26.
Liu Honglin, Wang Hongyan, Ning Ning, et al . Coalbed methane resources in China and its medium and long-term development trend forecast[J]. Energy of China, 2005(7):21-26.
[6] 徐凤银，侯伟，熊先钺，等. 中国煤层气产业现状与发展战略[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2023,50(4):669-682.
Xu Fengyin, Hou Wei, Xiong Xianyue, et al . The status and development strategy of coalbed methane industry in China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2023,50(4):669-682.
[7] 李辛子，王运海，姜昭琛，等. 深部煤层气勘探开发进展与研究[J].煤炭学报，2016,41(1):24-31.
Li Xinzi, Wang Yunhai, Jiang Zhaochen, et al . Progress and study on exploration and production for deep coalbed methane[J].Journal of China Coal Society, 2016,41(1):24-31.
[8] 王屿涛，刘如，汪飞，等. 准噶尔盆地煤层气产业化对策[J]. 中国石油勘探，2015,20(5):81-88.
Wang Yutao, Liu Ru, Wang Fei, et al . Strategy of CBM Industrialization in Junggar Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2015,20(5):81-88.
[9] 王丹，赵峰华，姚晓莉，等. 临汾区块煤层气产能地质影响因素分析[J]. 特种油气藏，2016,23(2):1-4,151.
Wang Dan, Zhao Fenghua, Yao Xiaoli, et al . Analysis of geological factors on CBM productivity in block Linfen[J]. Special Oil and Gas Reservoir, 2016,23(2):1-4,151.
[10] 白振瑞，张抗. 中国煤层气现状分析及对策探讨[J]. 中国石油勘探，2015,20(5):73-80.
Bai Zhenrui, Zhang Kang. Analysis of China’s CBM conditions[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2015,20(5):73-80.
[11] 徐凤银，闫霞，李曙光，等. 鄂尔多斯盆地东缘深部( 层) 煤层气勘探开发理论技术难点与对策[J]. 煤田地质与勘探，2023,51(1):115-130.
Xu Fengyin, Yan Xia, Li Shuguang, et al . Difficulties and countermeasures in theory and technology of deep CBM exploration and development in the eastern edge of Ordos Basin[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2023,51(1):115-130.
[12] 李曙光，王成旺，王红娜，等. 大宁—吉县区块深层煤层气成藏特征及有利区评价[J]. 煤田地质与勘探，2022,50(9):59-67.
Li Shuguang, Wang Chengwang, Wang Hongna, et al . Reservoir forming characteristics and favorable area evaluation of deep coalbed methane in Daning-Jixian Block[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2022,50(9):59-67.
[13] 余琪祥，罗宇，曹倩，等. 准噶尔盆地东北缘深层煤层气勘探前景[J].天然气地球科学，2023,34(5):888-899.
Yu Qixiang, Luo Yu, Cao Qian, et al . Exploration prospect of deep coalbed methane in the northeastern margin of Junggar Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2023,34(5):888-899.
[14] 郭绪杰，支东明，毛新军，等. 准噶尔盆地深层煤层气的勘探发现及意义[J]. 中国石油勘探，2021,26(6):38-49.
Guo Xujie, Zhi Dongming, Mao Xinjun, et al . Discovery and significance of coal measure gas in Junggar Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021,26(6):38-49.
[15] 赵喆，徐旺林，赵振宇，等. 鄂尔多斯盆地石炭系本溪组煤岩气地质特征与勘探突破[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2024,51(2):234-247,259.
Zhao Zhe, Xu Wanglin, Zhao Zhenyu, et al . Geological characteristics and exploration breakthroughs of coal rock gas in Carboniferous Benxi Formation, Ordos Basin, NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2024,51(2):234-247,259.
[16] 朱家蔚，戚厚发，廖永胜. 文留煤成气藏的发现及其对华北盆地找气的意义[J]. 石油勘探与开发，1983(1):4-12.
Zhu Jiawei, Qi Houfa, Liao Yongsheng. Discovery of Wenliu gas pool generating from coal measures and its significance of prospecting gas in north china basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 1983(1):4-12.
[17] 邓开余. 华北油田勘探工作的新突破[J]. 石油与天然气地质，1984(3):227.
Deng kaiyu. A new breakthrough exploration in Huabei Oilfield Company[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 1984(3):227.
[18] 范立红, 韩晟, 宋鑫，等. 大城游离气与吸附气AVO 地震响应特征差异研究与应用[J]. 中国煤层气,2021,18(4):7-10.
Fan Lihong, Han Sheng, Song Xin, et al . Study and application of AVO seismic response characteristics difference between free gas and adsorbed gas in Dacheng rise[J]. China Coalbed Methane, 2021,18(4):7-10.
[19] 马妍，孙永河，柳少波，等. 渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷石炭系—二叠系烃源岩生烃演化及与中—新生代构造演化的响应关系[J]. 地质论评，2023,69(2):496-512.
Ma Yan, Sun Yonghe, Liu Shaobo, et al . Hydrocarbon generation and evolution of Carboniferous-Permian source rocks and their response to Meso-Cenozoic tectonic evolution in Huanghua Depression，Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Geological Review,2023,69(2):496-512.
[20] 刘长江，蒋维平，桑树勋，等. 渤海湾盆地石炭二叠系烃源岩的沉积控制[J]. 中国煤田地质，2007(1):4-8.
Liu Changjiang, Jiang Weiping, Sang Shuxun, et al . Depositional controlling of Premo-Carboniferous source rocks in Bohaiwan Basin[J]. Coal Geology of China, 2007(1):4-8.
[21] 张津宁，周建生，肖敦清，等. 黄骅坳陷中生代构造运动对上古生界煤系烃源岩生烃演化的控制[J]. 天然气工业，2019,39(9):1-10.
Zhang Jinning, Zhou Jiansheng, Xiao Dunqing, et al . Control of the Mesozoic tectonic movement on the hydrocarbon generation and evolution of Upper Paleozoic coal-measure source rocks in the Huanghua Depression,Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2019,39(9):1-10.
[22] 刘海涛，甘华军，李宏军，等. 渤海湾盆地北部上古生界油气藏地质特征及勘探潜力[J]. 煤炭学报，2022,47(5):2041-2052.
Liu Haitao, Gan Huajun, Li Hongjun, et al . Geological characteristics and exploration potential of Upper Paleozoic oil and gas reservoirs in northern Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2022,47(5):2041-2056.
[23] 连承波，赵永军，李汉林，等. 煤层含气量的主控因素及定量预测[J].煤炭学报，2005,30(6):726-729.
Lian Chengbo, Zhao Yongjun, Li Hanlin, et al . Main controlling factors analysis and prediction of coalbed gas content[J]. Journal of China coal Socitty, 2005,30(6):726-729.
[24] 李纪森. 煤层气测井技术与解释分析[J]. 测井技术，1999,23(2):103-107.
Li Jisen．Logging technology and interpretation approach for coalbed gas[J]．Well Logging Technology, 1999,23(2):103-107.
[25] 李小明，曹代勇，王红岩，等. 煤层气测井评价技术新进展[J]. 油气井测试，2002,11(6):60-73.
Li Xiaoming, Cao Daiyong, Wang Hongyan, et al . Advanced logging well evaluation technique in coal bed gas[J]. Well Testing, 2002,11(6):60-73.
[26] 万金彬，何羽飞，杨林，等. 基于地质因素的煤层气储层压裂产能分类评价[J]. 测井技术，2019,43(2):155-160.
Wan Jinbin, He Yufei, Yang Lin, et al . Classification and evaluation of post-fracturing productivity of coalbed methane reservoirs based on geological factors[J]. Well Logging Technology, 2019,43(2):155-160.
[27] 李丹丹，王振国，降文萍，等. 基于测井参数的煤层含气量定量评价方法研究：以寿阳区块15# 煤为例[J]. 中国煤炭地质，2022, 34(8):35-40.
Li Dandan, Wang Zhenguo, Jiang Wenping, et al . Approach study on coal gas content quantitative assessment based on well logging parameters - a case study of coal No. 15 in Shouyang block[J]. Coal Geology of China, 2022,34(8):35-40.
[28] 秦瑞宝，叶建平，李利，等. 基于机器学习的煤层含气量测井评价方法：以沁水盆地柿庄南区块为例[J]. 石油物探，2023,62(1):68-79.
Qin Ruibao, Ye Jianping, Li Li, et al . Artificial-intelligence and machine- learning models of coalbed methane content based on geo-physical logging data: a case studyin Shizhuang South Block of Qinshui Basin, China[J]．Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2023,62(1):68-79.