河套盆地河探101 井超深层油气重大发现及勘探潜力

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2024.05.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 河套盆地作为晚期快速沉降、晚期成藏的含油气盆地，油气资源丰富，为探索临河坳陷洼槽区超深层油气成藏潜力，在光明构造部署钻探河探101井，在6500m以深的古近系临河组获重大突破，获日产油1285.77m³、天然气1×10⁴m³高产油气流。在洼槽区开展深层—超深层成藏条件综合研究认为，储集砂体具有高刚性颗粒含量（平均为85%）、低地温梯度（2.3℃ /100m）、长期浅埋—晚深埋、低填隙物含量（小于5%）的特点，使得6500m以深大量保存异常高孔储层；生烃增压、泥岩欠压实提供了油气运移动力，但受滑脱断层影响，超压仅在光明构造发育，洼槽区地层压力系数可达2.0～2.3，形成源储共生、自生自储的构造油气藏；源内生烃形成的垂直裂缝，沟通多套烃源岩层系与高渗砂体，可形成超深层储源同聚、孔缝连通的超高压力油气藏。河探101井的成功钻探再次证明陆相断陷盆地深层、超深层油气勘探开发前景广阔，光明构造有望成为新的整装高效规模储量区，展现了一个超深层富集高产油气勘探新领域，为河套盆地百万吨油田建设提供了坚实的资源保障。

关键词: 河套盆地, 河探101 井, 超深层, 重大发现, 勘探方向

Abstract: Hetao Basin, a proliferous basin showing rapid subsidence and hydrocarbon accumulation in the late stage, has abundant oil and gas resources. In order to identify the potential of ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs in sub-sag area in Linhe Depression, Well Hetan 101 was deployed and drilled in Guangming structure, and a significant breakthrough was made in Linhe Formation at a depth of greater than 6500 m, with an oil rate of 1285.77 m³/d and a gas rate of 1×10⁴ m³/d. A comprehensive study on hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in the deep to ultra-deep formations in the sub-sag area has been conducted. The study result suggests that the reservoir sand body has the characteristics of high rigid particle content (average of 85%), low geothermal gradient (2.3 ℃ /100m), long-term shallow burial–late deep burial, and low interstitial material content (less than 5%), enabling the preservation of abnormally high-porosity reservoirs at a depth of greater than 6500 m. The pressurization after hydrocarbon generation and under-compaction of mudstone provided driving force for hydrocarbon migration. However, due to the influence of detachment faults, over-pressure only occurred in Guangming structure, with formation pressure coefficient reaching up to 2.0–2.3 in the sub-sag area, forming a self-generation and self-storage type structural oil and gas reservoir with co-occurrence of source rock and reservoir. The vertical fractures in source rock formed by hydrocarbon generation connected multiple sets of source rocks and high-permeability sand bodies, forming ultra-high pressure oil and gas reservoirs both in source rock and reservoir in ultra-deep formations with connected pores and fractures. The successful drilling of Well Hetan 101 once again confirms the broad prospects of petroleum exploration and development in deep and ultra-deep formations in continental fault basins. Guangming structure is expected to become a new large-scale integral and high-efficiency reserve area, demonstrating a new exploration field with high-yield oil and gas in ultra-deep formation, and providing a solid resource guarantee for the construction of a million–ton–level oil field in Hetao Basin.

Key words: Hetao Basin, Well Hetan 101, ultra-deep formation, major discovery, exploration orientation

中图分类号:

TE122.1

张锐锋, 王浩宇, 冯广业, 刘静, 陈树光, 彭宇, 王丹玲. 河套盆地河探101 井超深层油气重大发现及勘探潜力[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2024, 29(5): 77-90.

Zhang Ruifeng, Wang Haoyu, Feng Guangye, Liu Jing, Chen Shuguang, Peng Yu, Wang Danling. Major oil and gas discovery and exploration potential in ultra-deep formation in Well Hetan 101, Hetao Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2024, 29(5): 77-90.

参考文献

[1] 张锐锋，于福生，刘喜恒，等. 河套盆地临河坳陷及周边地区中—新生代成盆演化特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质，2020,41(6):1139-1150.
Zhang Ruifeng, Yu Fusheng, Liu Xiheng, et al . Evolutionary characteristics of Linhe Depression and its surrounding areas in Hetao Basin from the Mesozoic to Cenozoic[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020,41(6):1139-1150.
[2] 张锐锋，何海清，陈树光，等. 河套盆地临河坳陷石油地质新认识与重大发现[J]. 中国石油勘探，2020,25(6):1-12.
Zhang Ruifeng, He Haiqing, Chen Shuguang, et al . New understandings of petroleum geology and great discovery in the Linhe Depression, Hetao Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration,2020,25(6):1-12.
[3] 张锐锋，何海清，朱庆忠，等. 河套盆地临河坳陷石油地质特征与油气富集规律[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2023,50(4):695-705.
Zhang Ruifeng, He Haiqing, Zhu Qingzhong, et al . Petroleum geological features and hydrocarbon enrichment of Linhe Depression in Hetao Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2023,50(4):695-705.
[4] 张以明，张锐锋，王少春，等. 河套盆地临河坳陷油气勘探重要发现的实践与认识[J]. 中国石油勘探，2018,23(5):1-11.
Zhang Yiming, Zhang Ruifeng, Wang Shaochun, et al .Practice and understanding of great discovery in oil and gas exploration in Linhe Depression of Hetao Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2018,23(5):1-11.
[5] 付锁堂，付金华，喻建，等. 河套盆地临河坳陷石油地质特征及勘探前景[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2018,45(5):749-762.
Fu Suotang, Fu Jinhua, Yu Jian, et al . Petroleum geological features and exploration prospect of Linhe Depression in Hetao Basin, China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018,45(5): 749-762.
[6] 刘滨莹，张宏伟，王芳，等. 河套盆地吉兰泰构造带狼山分支断层活动特征及其控藏作用[J]. 地质科技通报，2023,42(2):247-257.
Liu Binying, Zhang Hongwei, Wang Fang, et al . Activity characteristics of Langshan Branch Fault in Jilantai belt,Hetao Basin and their control on hydrocarbon accumulation[J].Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2023,42(2):247-257.
[7] Cao Yingchang, Yuan Guanghui, Li Xiaoyan, et al . Characteristics and origin of abnormally high porosity zones in buried Paleogene clastic reservoirs in the Shengtuo area, Dongying Sag, East China[J]. Petroleum Science, 2014,11(3): 346-362.
[8] 李阳，薛兆杰，程喆，等. 中国深层油气勘探开发进展与发展方向[J].中国石油勘探，2020,25(1):45-57.
Li Yang, Xue Zhaojie, Cheng Zhe, et al . Progress and development directions of deep oil and gas exploration and development in China[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020,25(1):45-57.
[9] 孙龙德，邹才能，朱如凯，等. 中国深层油气形成、分布与潜力分析[J].石油勘探与开发，2013,40(6):641-649.
Sun Longde, Zou Caineng, Zhu Rukai, et al . Formation,distribution and potential of deep hydrocarbon resources in China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2013,40(6):641-649.
[10] 远光辉，操应长，贾珍臻，等. 含油气盆地中深层碎屑岩储层异常高孔带研究进展[J]. 天然气地球科学，2015,26(1):28-42.
Yuan Guanghui, Cao Yingchang, Jia Zhenzhen, et al .Research progress on anomalously high porosity zones in deeply buried clastic reservoirs in petroliferous basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2015,26(1):28-42.
[11] 马永生，何治亮，赵培荣，等. 深层—超深层碳酸盐岩储层形成机理新进展[J]. 石油学报，2019,40(12):1416-1425.
Ma Yongsheng, He Zhiliang, Zhao Peirong, et al . A new progress in formation mechanism of deep and ultra deep carbonate reservoir[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2019,40(12):1416-1425.
[12] 贾承造. 含油气盆地深层—超深层油气勘探开发的科学技术问题[J].中国石油大学学报（自然科学版），2023,47(5):1-12.
Jia Chengzao. Key scientific and technological problems of petroleum exploration and development in deep and ultra-deep formation[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum（Edition of Natural Science), 2023,47(5):1-12.
[13] 操应长，远光辉，杨海军，等. 含油气盆地深层—超深层碎屑岩油气勘探现状与优质储层成因研究进展[J]. 石油学报，2022,43(1):112-140.
Cao Yingchang, Yuan Guanghui, Yang Haijun, et al . Current situation of oil and gas exploration and research progress of the origin of high-quality reservoirs in deep-ultra-deep clastic reservoirs of petroliferous basins[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2022,43(1):112-140.
[14] 张飞燕，郭元岭，王惠勇. 关于油气勘探发展规律的探讨[J]. 石油科技论坛，2023,42(5):21-29.
Zhang Feiyan, Guo Yuanling, Wang Huiyong. Discuss Development law of oil and gas exploration[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2023,42(5):21-29.
[15] Pang Xiongqi, Jia Chengzao, Zhang Kun, et al . The deed line for oil and gas implication for fossil resource prediction[J].Earth System Science Data, 2020,12(1):577-590.
[16] Pang Xiongqi, Jia Chengzao, Wang Wenyang. Petroleum geology features and research developments of hydroacrbon accumulation in deep petroliferous basins[J]. Petroleum Science,2015,12(1):1-53.
[17] 刘宏坤，艾勇，王贵文，等. 深层、超深层致密砂岩储层成岩相测井定量评价：以库车坳陷博孜—大北地区为例[J]. 地质科技通报，2023,42(1):299-310.
Liu Hongkun, Ai Yong, Wang Guiwen, et al . Quantitative well logging evaluation of diagenetic facies of deep and ultra deep tight sandstone reservoirs: a case study of Bozi-Dabei area in Kuqa Depression[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2023,42(1):299-310.
[18] 何登发，周新源，杨海军，等. 库车坳陷的地质结构及其对大油气田的控制作用[J]. 大地构造与成矿学，2009,33(1):19-32.
He Dengfa, Zhou Xinyuan, Yang Haijun, et al . Geological structure and its controls on giant oil and gas fields in Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin: a clue from new shot seismic data[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 2009,33(1):19-32.
[19] 吴兆剑，韩效忠，林中湘，等. 中国北方主要中新生代盆地构造沉积气候演化及其成煤、铀意义[J]. 大地构造与成矿学，2020,44(4):710-724.
Wu Zhaojian, Han Xiaozhong, Lin Zhongxiang, et al . Tectonic, sedimentary, and climate evolution of Meso-Cenozoic Basins in north China and its significance of coal accumulation and Uranium Mineralization[J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2020,44(4):710-724.
[20] 李素萍，柳永清，旷红伟，等. 银额盆地侏罗纪孢粉植物群的发现及其地层时代意义：以蒙额地1 井为例[J]. 地质学报，2021,95(5):1382-1399.
Li Suping, Liu Yongqing, Kuang Hongwei, et al . Palynoflora from the Jurassic of Yingen-Ejin Basin, NW China and its implications for the stratigraphy and geochronology: a case study on MED-1 drill core[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2021,95(5):1382-1399.
[21] 旷红伟，柳永清，刘燕学，等. 兴蒙造山区及邻区早白垩世盆地岩石地层格架与沉积古地理演化[J]. 地质通报，2013,32(7):1063-1084.
Kuang Hongwei, Liu Yongqing, Liu Yanxue, et al . Stratigraphy and depositional palaeogeography of the Early Cretaceous basins in Da Hinggan Mountains-Mongolia orogenic belt and its neighboring areas[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2013,32(7):1063-1084.
[22] 许欢，柳永清. 华北北部侏罗—白垩过渡期陆相红层及其古地理、古生态和构造演化[J]. 地球学报，2017,38(z1):25-28.
Xu Huan, Liu Yongqing. Jurassic-Cretaceous transition terrestrial red beds in northern north China and their regional paleogeography, paleoecology and tectonic evolution[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 2017,38(z1):25-28.
[23] 刘成林，曹养同，杨海军，等. 库车前陆盆地古近纪—新近纪盐湖环境变迁及其成钾效应探讨[J]. 地球学报，2013,34(5):547-558.
Liu Chenglin, Cao Yangtong, Yang Haijun, et al . Discussion on Paleogene-Neogene environmental change of salt lakes in Kuqa Foreland Basin and its potash-forming effect[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 2013,34(5):547-558.
[24] 蔡友贤. 内蒙古河套盆地白垩纪古气候、沉积环境及油气勘探远景[J].地质论评，1990,36(2):105-115.
Cai Youxian. Cretaceous paleoclimate, sedimentary environment and oil-gas prospect in the Hetao Basin, Inner Mongolia[J].Geological Review, 1990,36(2):105-115.
[25] 陆鹿，陈树光，李壮福，等. 河套盆地临河坳陷白垩纪—古近纪沉积环境演化及油气地质意义[J]. 古地理学报，2022,24(2):308-331.
Lu Lu, Chen Shuguang, Li Zhuangfu, et al . Sedimentary evolution and petroleum potential of the Cretaceous to Paleogene in Linhe Depression, Hetao Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2022,24(2):308-331.
[26] 沈华，何海清，张锐锋，等. 河套盆地洼槽区河探1 井风险勘探突破及意义[J]. 石油学报，2022,43(9):1213-1222.
Shen Hua, He Haiqing, Zhang Ruifeng, et al . Breakthrough and significance of Well Hetan-1 risk exploration in the sag area of Hetao Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2022,43(9):1213-1222.
[27] 赵文智，汪泽成，李晓清，等. 油气藏形成的三大要素[J]. 自然科学进展，2005,15(3):304-312.
Zhao Wenzhi, Wang Zecheng, Li Xiaoqing, et al . The three major elements of oil and gas reservoir formation[J]. Progress in Natural Science, 2005,15(3):304-312.
[28] Yu Fusheng, Zhang Ruifeng, Yu Jiafu, et al . Meso-Cenozoic negative inversion model for the Linhe Depression of Hetao Basin, China[J]. Geological Magazine, 2022,159:535-560.
[29] 陈树光，朱庆忠，张锐锋，等. 河套盆地吉兰泰构造带形成演化及控藏作用[J]. 成都理工大学学报（自然科学版），2022,49(5):533-541.
Chen Shuguang, Zhu Qingzhong, Zhang Ruifeng, et al .Formation and evolution of Jilantai structural belt in Hetao Basin and its role in reservoir control[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition),2022,49(5):533-541.
[30] 刘天顺，张锐锋，丁文龙，等. 河套盆地临河坳陷下白垩统内部不整合的发现及对构造演化的启示[J]. 中国地质，2021,48(2):593-604.
Liu Tianshun, Zhang Ruifeng, Ding Wenlong, et al . Discovery of Lower Cretaceous uncomformity in Linhe Depression of Hetao Basin and its implication to structural evolution[J]. Geology in China, 2021,48(2):593-604.
[31] 李建红，王延斌，缪欢，等. 北大港潜山滨海断层发育特征及其与上古生界二次生烃耦合成藏研究[J]. 特种油气藏，2022,29(1):52-58.
Li Jianhong，Wang Yanbin，Miao Huan，et al . Study on developmental characteristics of coastal fault in Beidagang Buried Hill and its coupling with the Upper Paleozoic secondary hydrocarbon formation[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2022,29(1):52-58.
[32] Blochs, Landerrh, Bonnelll. Anomalously high porosity and permeability in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs: origin and predictability[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2002,86(2):301-328.
[33] Aasene, Walderhaugo. The effect of hydrocarbons on quartz cementation: diagenesis in the Upper Jurassic sandstones of the Miller Field, North Sea, revisited[J]. Petroleum Geoscience,2005,11(3):215-223.