临河坳陷北部古近系临河组超深层油气藏形成条件与勘探前景

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2024.01.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来，通过加大深层超深层碎屑岩晚期油气成藏地质认识研究，在河套盆地临河坳陷实现了超深层碎屑岩油气勘探的重大发现。基于对古近系烃源岩热模拟、钻录试资料及成储成藏演化分析，主要形成3点地质认识：（1）临河坳陷北部古近系发育富含树脂体（陆源）和藻类体（水生）的优质烃源岩，该烃源岩在低演化阶段开始大量生排烃，具有生烃强度大，生烃窗口宽的特点，洼槽区超深层热演化程度相对较高，油气资源潜力大；（2）发育远源水浅坡缓大型辫状河三角洲沉积，砂体广覆式分布，受低地温、晚深埋、高石英含量、弱压实、弱胶结等弱成岩作用影响，提出了以弱成岩保孔主导、叠加后生超高压改造扩缝的成储新机制，储层物性好，极大拓展了超深层油气勘探空间；（3）提出了生烃期早充注、持续沉降深埋热演化、加速生排烃和持续充注形成过饱和与超高压油气藏，超高压对储源交互体天然压裂，形成缝孔连通、源储同聚、连续型大面积展布的常规油气成藏新认识，有力提高了超深层常规油气藏勘探潜力。临河坳陷北部古近系临河组超深层油气成藏条件优越，有利勘探区规模大，展现了良好的勘探前景，同时进一步丰富了超深层碎屑岩晚期油气成藏理论认识，对类似盆地尤其万米超深层的源内勘探具有重要指导意义。

关键词: 临河坳陷, 古近系, 超深层, 超高压, 千吨井

Abstract: In recent years, a major discovery of oil and gas exploration in ultra-deep clastic rocks has been achieved in Linhe Depression of Hetao Basin by increasing the geological understanding of late oil and gas accumulation in deep ultra-deep clastic rocks.Based on the thermal simulation of Paleogene source rocks, drilling and logging data and analysis of reservoir formation and accumulation evolution, three important geological understandings are mainly formed.（1）High-quality source rocks rich in resinite ( terrestrial ) and algae ( aquatic ) are developed in the Paleogene in the northern part of Linhe Depression. The source rocks begin to generate and expel a large amount of hydrocarbons in the low evolution stage, which has the characteristics of high hydrocarbon generation intensity and wide hydrocarbon generation window. The ultra-deep thermal evolution degree of the trough area is relatively high, and the potential of oil and gas resources is large.（2）The braided river delta deposits are developed in the shallow slope of the far source water, and the sand bodies are widely distributed. Affected by weak diagenesis such as low geothermal temperature, late deep burial, high quartz content, weak compaction and weak cementation, a new mechanism of reservoir formation and storage is put forward, which is dominated by weak diagenesis and pore preservation, and superimposed by epigenetic ultra-high pressure transformation and fracture expansion. The reservoir has good physical properties and greatly expands the space of ultra-deep oil and gas exploration. （3）A new understanding of conventional oil and gas accumulation is put forward, which includes early filling in hydrocarbon generation period, continuous subsidence, deep buried thermal evolution, accelerated hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, continuous filling to form supersaturated and ultra-high pressure oil and gas reservoirs, and natural fracturing of reservoir-source interaction bodies by ultra-high pressure, forming fracture-pore connectivity, source-reservoir convergence and continuous large-area distribution, which effectively improves the exploration potential of ultra-deep conventional oil and gas reservoirs.The above studies show that the ultra-deep oil and gas accumulation conditions of the Paleogene Linhe Formation in the northern part of the Linhe Depression are superior. Combined with the large area of favorable exploration areas, it shows a good exploration prospect. At the same time, it further enriches the theoretical understanding of the late oil and gas accumulation of ultra-deep clastic rocks. It has important guiding significance for the exploration of similar basins, especially the ultra-deep source of 10,000 meters.

中图分类号:

TE112.1

张锐锋, 陈树光, 冯广业, 师玉雷, 胡延旭, 孙瑞娜, 万照飞, 武函, 田思思, 张宇飞, 汪关妹, 周然然, 罗玉财, 王孝超, 张晰蒙. 临河坳陷北部古近系临河组超深层油气藏形成条件与勘探前景[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2024, 29(1): 119-129.

Zhang Ruifeng, Chen Shuguang, Feng Guangye, Shi Yulei, Hu Yanxu, Sun Ruina, Wan Zhaofei, Wu Han, Tian Sisi, Zhang Yufei, Wang Guanmei, Zhou Ranran, Luo Yucai, Wang Xiaochao, Zhang Ximeng. Formation conditions and exploration prospects of ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs in Paleogene Linhe Formation in northern Linhe Depression[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2024, 29(1): 119-129.

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