塔里木盆地超深层油气钻探工程的特殊地质因素

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2022.03.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 超深层地质体伴随高压、高温、高应力聚集的高强度能量，易变形失稳，导致重大灾害事故风险高。深地钻探中特殊地质因素研究对于工程实践意义重大。以塔里木盆地为例，通过对钻探过程全层系地质因素进行系统梳理，特别是将非目的层当作目的层精细研究，分析了影响超深层油气钻探工程地质因素的产生背景和赋存环境，进一步从“沉积建造作用、构造改造作用，沉积—构造耦合作用”揭示钻探工程与地质因素之间的内在交互关联性，并着重论述了特殊地质因素研究与描述方法。结果表明：（1）相比中浅层油气藏，超深井钻探95%的进尺均在非目的层，非目的层钻探直接影响勘探开发进程；（2）相比中浅层油气藏，地表状况、复杂岩性、地质行迹、地层流体及超深层极高的温压场均是超深井钻探面临的巨大挑战；（3）系统科学地分析超深层钻探工程的特殊地质因素，提高对油气藏认识的全面性和对井控安全风险的评估，有利于风险防范和井位部署；（4）全地层特殊地质分析进一步构建了地质与钻井工程之间的桥梁，推动了地质工程一体化从理念走向实践。

关键词: 超深层, 钻探工程, 特殊地质因素, 地质工程一体化, 井控安全, 钻井提速

Abstract: The geological body in ultra-deep formation has high-strength energy accompanied with high pressure, high temperature, and high concentrated stress, which is prone to deformation and instability, leading to the high risk of disaster and accident. Therefore, the study of special geological factors is of great significance in drilling engineering practice of ultra-deep formation. In Tarim Basin, geological factors of the full strata in the drilling process are systematically summarized, and especially the non-target series are finely studied as the target layer. The background and occurrence environment of various geological factors affecting the ultra-deep drilling engineering are analyzed. Furthermore, the internal interaction between drilling engineering and geological factors is revealed by “sedimentary construction, tectonic transformation and sedimentary-tectonism coupling”, and the research and description methods of special geological factors are discussed. The results show that: (1) Compared with the medium-shallow oil and gas reservoirs, 95% of the drilling footage in ultra-deep well is in the non-target series, in which the drilling process directly affects the exploration and development progress; (2) Different from the medium-shallow oil and gas reservoirs, the surface conditions, complex lithology, geological trajectory, formation fluid and extremely high temperature and pressure field in ultra-deep formations are great challenges for drilling operation; (3) The systematic and scientific analysis of the special geological factors in ultra-deep drilling engineering, comprehensive understanding on oil and gas reservoir and an appropriate evaluation on well control safety risk are conducive to risk prevention and well location placement; (4) The analysis on special geological factors of the full strata further supports to construct a bridge between geology and drilling engineering, and promotes the integration of geology and engineering from concept to practice.

中图分类号:

TE21

李勇, 徐珂, 张辉, 黄少英, 尹国庆, 王志民, 曾昌民. 塔里木盆地超深层油气钻探工程的特殊地质因素[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2022, 27(3): 88-98.

Li Yong, Xu Ke, Zhang Hui, Huang Shaoying, Yin Guoqing, Wang Zhimin, Zeng Changmin. Special geological factors in drilling engineering of ultra-deep oil and gas reservoir in Tarim Baisn[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2022, 27(3): 88-98.

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