塔里木盆地超深层油气地质认识与有利勘探领域

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2021.04.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 塔里木盆地油气勘探经历了浅层、深层并逐渐向超深层的过程，超深层勘探始于20世纪80年代，经过30多年的勘探，在超深层已发现克拉苏大气田、塔北大油田和塔中大凝析气田，在寒武系盐下也发现了多个重要苗头，超深层已经成为油田增储上产的重要组成部分，并成为盆地未来油气勘探的重要方向。总结30多年超深层勘探地质认识，认为塔里木盆地超深层油气形成主要受寒武系、石炭系—二叠系和三叠系—侏罗系烃源岩控制，与盆地经历的3个伸展—挤压构造旋回一致，超深层油气物质基础具有全球普遍性。塔里木超深层油气地质具有三方面特殊性，一是盆地早期持续浅埋、晚期快速深埋，超深层烃源岩仍可以大规模生烃，为超深层油气成藏提供油气来源。二是盆地是典型“冷盆”，超深层液态烃仍可保存，主力烃源岩仍处于生气高峰期，超深层油气相态多样。三是盆地不同地区超深层油气成藏组合差异大，但均可划分为三大成藏组合。在石油地质条件重新认识基础上，对每个成藏组合进行了综合评价，认为下组合和中组合勘探潜力巨大，指出了8个超深层勘探有利领域。针对新区新领域超深层油气勘探，提出了“扩展中组合、突破下组合”的勘探思路，争取获得勘探战略突破，为油田高质量发展奠定资源基础。

关键词: 塔里木盆地, 超深层, 地质认识, 勘探领域

Abstract: Oil and gas exploration in Tarim Basin has shifted from shallow, deep to ultra-deep formations, of which the last stage
began in the 1980s. After more than 30 years of exploration in ultra-deep formations, Kelasu Gasfield, Tabei Oilfield and Tazhong
Condensate Gas Field have been discovered, and multiple major signs found in the Cambrian subsalt. At present, the ultra-deep
oil and gas reservoirs have become an important field of increasing reserve and production, and a major exploration target in the
basin. In this paper, geological understandings of ultra-deep formations are summarized from more than 30 years’ exploration
practice. It is considered that the ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs in Tarim Basin are mainly controlled by source rocks of Cambrian,Carboniferous-Permian and Triassic-Jurassic, which were deposited at the same geologic periods with three tectonic cycles of extension-compression of the basin, and the material basis of ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs is universal in the world. Meanwhile,there are three peculiarities in petroleum geological conditions of ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs in Tarim Basin. First, the basin experienced shallow burying for a long period and rapidly deep burying in the late stage. The ultra-deep source rocks are
still able to generate hydrocarbon on a large scale, which provides hydrocarbon source for ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs. Second,the basin is a typical “cold basin”, where the ultra-deep liquid hydrocarbon is still preserved, and the main source rocks are
still in the peak of gas generation, therefore the oil and gas phases are diverse of ultra-deep formation. Third, there are great differences in hydrocarbon accumulation assemblages of ultra-deep formations in different areas, all of which can be divided into
three major assemblages. Based on the new understanding of petroleum geological conditions, a comprehensive evaluation is
conducted of each one. It is considered that the exploration potential of the lower and middle assemblages is huge, and eight favorable exploration areas are suggested. In view of the ultra-deep oil and gas exploration in new field and new area, the exploration idea of “expanding exploration in the middle assemblage and achieving breakthrough in the lower assemblage” is put forward to strive for a strategic breakthrough in exploration to lay resource foundation for the high-quality development of Tarim Oilfield Company.

中图分类号:

TE111.1

杨学文, 田军, 王清华, 李亚林, 杨海军, 李勇, 唐雁刚, 袁文芳, 黄少英. 塔里木盆地超深层油气地质认识与有利勘探领域[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2021, 26(4): 17-28.

Yang Xuewen, Tian Jun, Wang Qinghua, Li Yalin, Yang Haijun, Li Yong , Tang Yangang, Yuan Wenfang, Huang Shaoying.

Geological understanding and favorable exploration fields of ultra-deep formations in Tarim Basin [J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021, 26(4): 17-28.

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