河套盆地临河坳陷石油地质新认识与重大发现

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2020.06.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 河套盆地为中—新生代坳断叠合型盆地，地震测网稀，构造演化及控烃控藏作用不清，油气成藏规律不明，长期制约油气勘探突破。近年来，积极转变勘探思路，以野外地质露头踏勘、加密二维地震部署为基础，通过井震结合精细构造解释和区带综合评价，提出临河坳陷经历了早白垩世反转成盆期、古近纪差异伸展期、新近纪强烈伸展断陷期、第四纪走滑（或反转）改造期的4 期构造演化新机制，明确吉兰泰构造带和中央断裂带为油气勘探有利构造区带；厘定临河坳陷发育固二段、固一段和临河组3 套烃源岩，定量表征了不同时期烃源岩的分布，揭示了“盆地演化—沉积环境—埋藏史”三元联合控烃，明确临河坳陷中北部为优势资源富集区。通过成藏条件综合分析，构建了源内、源外多种油气成藏新模式，在临河坳陷中南部吉兰泰构造带发现了变质岩潜山油藏和碎屑岩断鼻构造油藏，实现了源外太古宇潜山和白垩系油气勘探重大突破；在临河坳陷北部部署风险探井临华1X 井，在源内古近系获日产305.76m3 高产工业油流，实现了临河坳陷多区带多层系油气勘探快速突破。

关键词: 河套盆地, 临河坳陷, 构造演化, 控烃机理, 成藏模式, 勘探突破

Abstract: The Hetao Basin is a Meso-Cenozoic depression-fault superimposed basin. For a long time, there were no seismic survey lines and little understanding of tectonic evolution, source rock development and hydrocarbon accumulation controlling factors, and accumulation laws. As a result, oil and gas exploration was limited and discoveries are few. In recent years, exploration ideas have changed. Fine structural interpretation from well-seismic combination and comprehensive evaluation on favorable plays based on field outcrop surveys and 2D infill seismic lines has led to new understandings of the tectonic evolution mechanisms. The Linhe depression has experienced four stages of tectonic evolution: an Early Cretaceous inversion and basin-forming stage, a Paleogene differential extension stage, a Neogene intensive extension fault stage, and a Quaternary strike-slip (or inversion) and reconstruction stage. It has also been determined that the Jilantai structural belt and the central fault belt are favorable areas for oil and gas exploration. There are three sets of source rocks in the Linhe depression: the 2nd member of the Guyang Formation (the Gu 2 member), the 1st member of the Guyang Formation (the Gu 1 member), and the Linhe Formation. Quantitative characterization of source rock distribution in different sedimentary periods has revealed the controlling laws of the three combined elements of “basin evolution - sedimentary environment - burial history”, with the central-northern area of the Linhe depression being identified as the predominant resource enrichment area. Comprehensive analysis of hydrocarbon accumulation conditions has established several new hydrocarbon accumulation models for inside and outside the source rocks. Based on this new understanding, metamorphic buried hill oil reservoirs and clastic fault-nose structural oil reservoirs have been discovered in the Jilantai structural belt in the central-southern Linhe depression, marking a major breakthrough in oil and gas exploration in the Archean buried hill and the Cretaceous system outside the source rocks. In the northern Linhe depression, a risk exploration well—Well Linhua 1X—was drilled, obtaining high flow rate of 305.76 m3/d in the Paleogene inside the source rocks. This represents another breakthrough in multi-belt and multi-layer exploration in the Linhe depression.

中图分类号:

张锐锋, 何海清, 陈树光, 李国欣, 刘喜恒, 郭绪杰, 王少春, 范土芝, 王会来, 刘静, 曹兰柱. 河套盆地临河坳陷石油地质新认识与重大发现[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2020, 25(6): 1-12.

Zhang Ruifeng, He Haiqing, Chen Shuguang, Li Guoxin, Liu Xiheng, Guo Xujie, Wang Shaochun, Fan Tuzhi, Wang Huilai, Liu Jing, Cao Lanzhu. New understandings of petroleum geology and a major discovery in the Linhe depression, Hetao Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020, 25(6): 1-12.

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