钱家店地区油铀成矿（藏）条件对比及综合勘探意义

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2020.06.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 油气藏与砂岩型铀矿均赋存于沉积盆地中，对二者成矿条件进行对比研究，可为沉积盆地开展综合找矿工作提供借鉴。依据钱家店凹陷多年油铀兼探勘查实践资料和成果，从源、储、汇（聚）、古气候等控矿（藏）因素入手，探讨沉积盆地油铀成矿（藏）过程的相同点和差异性。研究认为，砂岩型铀矿和油气藏成矿（藏）条件类似，都需要优质的储层、隔挡层及良好的储隔组合，但二者又在物质来源、运移方式、空间展布等方面存在较大差异。砂岩型铀矿是典型的外源型、水动力运移矿床，在干旱—湿热过渡性古气候环境中有利于成矿，在盆地浅部地层更易发育；而油气藏为典型的内源型矿藏，主要受浮力作用运移成藏，成藏期受气候因素影响较小，在盆地深部地层更易保存。铀的放射性可促进地层中有机质向烃类转化，而早期生成的油气沿断裂向上逸散，又可为上部地层砂岩型铀矿成矿作用提供还原剂和矿保剂。钱家店凹陷发现的特大砂岩型铀矿，证实了砂岩型铀矿常与油气藏同盆共生，通过对比两者各自的成矿（藏）特征，总结出新生代晚期及中生代晚期兴衰的断陷盆地是油铀同盆聚集的重要场所。

关键词: 砂岩型铀矿, 油气藏, 油铀兼探, 同盆共生, 多种能源

Abstract: Both hydrocarbon reservoirs and sandstone-type uranium deposits occur in sedimentary basins. Comparison of the metallogenic and hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of the two will provide valuable reference for exploration work in sedimentary basins. This study discusses the similarities and differences in the processes of hydrocarbon accumulation and uranium mineralization in sedimentary basins based on analysis of field data and the accumulated experience of years of exploration for oil and uranium in the Qianjiadian sag. Discussions focus on the controlling factors affecting mineralization and hydrocarbon accumulation, such as source rocks, reservoir, migration and accumulation, and paleoclimate. The results show that the metallogenic conditions of sandstone-type uranium deposits and the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of oil reservoirs are similar. They both need high-quality reservoirs, barrier layers, and good reservoir-barrier assemblages. However, there are great differences between them in material sources, migration patterns, and spatial distribution. Sandstone-type uranium deposits are typically exogenous and hydrodynamic migration deposits. Favorable metallogenic conditions occur in the transitional paleoclimatic environment of an arid-to-hot and humid climate, and deposits develop easily in shallow strata. Oil reservoirs, on the other hand, are typical authigenic deposits, which generally migrate and accumulate by buoyancy, are less affected by climatic factors, and are more easily preserved in deep strata. The radioactivity of uranium promotes the transformation of organic matter into hydrocarbons, while oil and gas generated in the early stage, escapes upward along faults and provides reducing agents and preservative agents for the mineralization of sandstone-type uranium deposits in upper strata. The discovery of supergiant sandstone-type uranium deposits in the Qianjiadian sag confirms that sandstone-type uranium deposits often coexist with oil and gas reservoirs in the same basin. By comparing their respective metallogenic and accumulation characteristics, it is concluded that the fault basins that developed and waned in the Late Mesozoic and Late Cenozoic are important locations for the coexistence of hydrocarbon and uranium accumulation in the same basin.

中图分类号:

万军, 陈振岩, 李清春, 邵建欣, 曹民强, 肖程, 王衡. 钱家店地区油铀成矿（藏）条件对比及综合勘探意义[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2020, 25(6): 13-25.

Wan Jun, Chen Zhenyan, Li Qinchun, Shao Jianxin, Cao Minqiang, Xiao Cheng, Wang Heng. Comparative study of metallogenetic conditions of uranium deposits and hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of oil reservoirs in the Qianjiadian area and their significance for comprehensive exploration[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020, 25(6): 13-25.

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