南美圭亚那盆地不同区带油气成藏差异性分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2024.06.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来，圭亚那盆地在上白垩统浊积砂岩中相继取得系列重大油气发现，增加了继续加大勘探的信心。不同区域不同储集层段油气富集规律差异及下步勘探方向是盆地勘探面临的首要问题。通过开展构造沉积、成藏条件、油气分布、成藏模式及主控因素研究，系统分析了圭亚那盆地不同区带油气成藏的差异性，明确了下步勘探方向。研究表明，圭亚那盆地经历了前裂谷期、早裂谷期、晚裂谷期和被动陆缘期四大构造演化阶段，可划分为沿海平原区、陆架区、陆坡区和深海盆地区4 个区带。盆地发育被动陆缘期塞诺曼阶优质海相烃源岩和早、晚裂谷期上三叠统—下侏罗统湖相烃源岩2 套有效烃源岩。油气分布呈现“纵向分层”和“平面分区”的特征。上白垩统为盆地主力成藏组合，陆坡区为主要成藏区带，发育大规模的浊积砂岩油气藏。盆地总体具有近源成藏、侧向中距离运移成藏、侧向长距离运移成藏三种模式。陆坡区和深海盆地区以近源成藏模式为主，为盆地主要成藏模式，优质规模储层控制油气的富集。陆架区以侧向中距离运移成藏模式为主，封堵和储层为成藏主控因素。沿海平原区为侧向长距离运移成藏模式，烃源岩、运移通道和稠变机制为成藏主控因素。下步勘探应以陆坡区浊积砂岩为主，油气并重，西北和东北地区是两个重要方向。

关键词: 成藏模式, 主控因素, 构造区带, 勘探方向, 圭亚那盆地

Abstract: In recent years, a series of major oil and gas discoveries have been made in the Upper Cretaceous turbidite sandstones in Guyana Basin, which increases the confidence of further exploration. The primary issue facing the petroleum exploration includes the differences in hydrocarbon accumulation patterns in various zones and reservoir sections, as well as the further exploration orientations. After studying tectono-sedimentary evolution, hydrocarbon accumulation conditions, oil and gas distribution, hydrocarbon accumulation pattern and main controlling factors, the differences in hydrocarbon accumulation in various zones of Guyana Basin are systematically analyzed and the further exploration orientation is determined. The study results indicate that Guyana Basin experienced four major stages of tectonic evolution, i.e., pre-rift, early rift, late rift, and passive margin, and four deposition zones were divided in the basin, including coastal plain, continental shelf, continental slope, and deep-water basin. Two sets of effective hydrocarbon source rocks are developed in the Basin: high-quality marine source rocks of the Cenomanian Stage during the passive margin period, and lacustrine source rocks of the Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic strata during the early and late rift stages. The distribution of oil and gas shows characteristics of “vertical layering” and “planar zoning”. The main hydrocarbon accumulation play was developed in the Upper Cretaceous in continental slope zone, such as the large-scale turbidite sandstone oil reservoirs. Three types of hydrocarbon accumulation models are classified as a whole, namely near-source hydrocarbon accumulation, lateral medium-distance hydrocarbon migration and accumulation, and lateral long-distance hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. The continental slope zone and deep-water basin zone are dominated by near-source hydrocarbon accumulation model, which is the main hydrocarbon accumulation model in the basin, and the enrichment of oil and gas is mainly controlled by high-quality reservoir. The continental shelf zone is mainly characterized by lateral medium-distance hydrocarbon migration and accumulation, and sealing capacity and reservoirs are the main controlling factors. The coastal plain zone is characterized by lateral long-distance hydrocarbon migration and accumulation model, with the main controlling factors including source rock, migration pathway, and densification mechanism. The further exploration should focus on turbidite sandstones in continental slope zone, and attach equal importance to oil and gas, with two important orientations in the northwest and northeast zones.

Key words: hydrocarbon accumulation model, controlling factor, structural zones, exploration orientation, Guyana Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.1

刘亚明, 王红军, 田作基, 马中振, 周玉冰. 南美圭亚那盆地不同区带油气成藏差异性分析[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2024, 29(6): 130-143.

Liu Yaming, Wang Hongjun, Tian Zuoji, Ma Zhongzhen, Zhou Yubing. Analysis of differences in hydrocarbon accumulation in various zones of Guyana Basin, South America[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2024, 29(6): 130-143.

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