四川盆地下寒武统筇竹寺组海相页岩气高产井突破与富集模式

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2024.01.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 多年来下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩气勘探开发进展缓慢，资201井获高产气流大大增加了该套页岩气规模商业化开发的信心，不同区域及层段富集规律差异及下一步勘探开发方向是筇竹寺组页岩开发面临的首要问题。以四川盆地57口钻井资料为基础，对多口重点井的古生物、沉积、储层等特征进行分析，详细剖析资201井的部署理论依据、筇竹寺组页岩气富集条件及下一步勘探开发方向。从地层研究入手，建立了筇竹寺组地层划分标准，明确筇竹寺组主体发育4套深水陆棚相的富有机质页岩（①至④号层段），其分布受裂陷槽发育控制，裂陷槽内厚度最大。分析了页岩储层发育特征，指出储层压力、孔隙度、含气饱和度从下向上、从裂陷槽外到内呈现增大趋势，储层超压对页岩孔隙保存起到重要作用；基于此结合保存条件等建立了“多层异相、超压保孔”的页岩气超压差异富集模式，指出远离散失通道的超压孔隙发育区（层段）是页岩气富集有利区（层段）。文章指出资201井及周边是未来筇竹寺组页岩气增储上产的主要区域，资源量为8.06×10¹²m³；川西地区具有相当的开发潜力，资源量为0.72×10¹²m³；川南长宁及黔北一带受石墨化及构造活动影响，以寻找远离风化壳及地表露头的超压孔隙发育区为主。

关键词: 四川盆地, 筇竹寺组, 页岩展布, 主控因素, 富集模式, 前景展望

Abstract: Small progress has been made in the exploration and development of shale gas in the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation over the years. The high-yield gas flow in Well Zi 201 has greatly increased confidence in the large-scale and commercial development of shale gas in Qiongzhusi Formation. The different enrichment laws in various areas and layers and the optimal selection of favorable areas are the primary problems to be solved for shale gas development. Based on the analysis of paleontology, sedimentary facies, and reservoirs in 57 wells in Sichuan Basin, the theoretical basis for the deployment of Well Zi 201 and enrichment conditions of shale gas in Qiongzhusi Formation are analyzed in detail, and the exploration and development orientation are pointed out. Firstly, a stratification standard for Qiongzhusi Formation is established. It is clarified that four sets of organic rich shale of deep shelf facies were developed in Qiongzhusi Formation (layers ①, ②, ③, and ④), which were controlled by the development of rift troughs, with the largest shale thickness in the trough. The characteristics of shale reservoirs are analyzed, which indicate that the reservoir pressure, porosity, and gas saturation show an increasing trend from bottom to top, and from the outside to the inside of the rift trough, and reservoir overpressure plays an important role in the preservation of shale pores. On this basis, an overpressure and differential shale gas enrichment mode of “different facies in multiple layers and overpressure pore preservation” in Qiongzhusi Formation has been established, and it is pointed out that the overpressure pore development area (interval) far away from the dispersion pathway is the favorable area (interval) for shale gas enrichment. Finally, the study results indicate that Well Zi 201 and its surrounding areas are the main areas for increasing shale gas reserves and production in the future, with resources of 8.06×10¹²m³. It shows considerable development potential in western Sichuan Basin, with resources of 0.72×10¹²m³. Affected by graphitization and tectonic activities, areas with overpressure pore development far from weathered crust and surface outcrops are favorable for shale gas exploration in Changning in southern Sichuan Basin and northern Guizhou Province.

中图分类号:

TE112

何骁, 梁峰, 李海, 郑马嘉, 赵群, 刘勇, 刘文平. 四川盆地下寒武统筇竹寺组海相页岩气高产井突破与富集模式[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2024, 29(1): 142-155.

He Xiao, Liang Feng, Li Hai, Zheng Majia, Zhao Qun, Liu Yong, Liu Wenping. Breakthrough and enrichment mode of marine shale gas in the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in high-yield wells in Sichuan Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2024, 29(1): 142-155.

参考文献

[1] 马新华.四川盆地南部页岩气富集规律与规模有效开发探索[J].天然气工业，2018,38(10):1-10.
Ma Xinhua. Enrichment laws and scale effective development of shale gas in the southern Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry, 2018,38(10):1-10.
[2] 董大忠，王玉满，李新景，等.中国页岩气勘探开发新突破及发展前景思考[J].天然气工业，2016,36(1):19-32.
Dong Dazhong, Wang Yuman, Li Xinjing, et al. Breakthrough and prospect of shale gas exploration and development in China[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2016, 36(1):19-32.
[3] 梁峰，拜文华，邹才能，等.渝东北地区巫溪2井页岩气富集模式及勘探意义[J].石油勘探与开发，2016,43(3):350-358.
Liang Feng, Bai Wenhua, Zou Caineng, et al. Shale gas enrichment pattern and exploration significance of Well Wuxi-2 in northeast Chongqing, NE Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2016,43(3):350-358.
[4] 邹才能，董大忠，王玉满，等.中国页岩气特征、挑战及前景（一）[J].石油勘探与开发，2015,42(6):689-701.
Zou Caineng, Dong Dazhong, Wang Yuman, et al. Shale gas in China: characteristics, challenges and prospects (Ⅰ)[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2015,42(6):689-701.
[5] 梁峰，姜巍，戴赟，等.四川盆地威远—资阳地区筇竹寺组页岩气富集规律及勘探开发潜力[J].天然气地球科学，2022,33(5):755-763.
Liang Feng, Jiang Wei, Dai Yun, et al. Enrichment law and resource potential of shale gas of Qiongzhusi Formation in Weiyuan-Ziyang areas, Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2022,33(5):755-763.
[6] 刘忠宝，高波，张钰莹，等.上扬子地区下寒武统页岩沉积相类型及分布特征[J].石油勘探与开发，2017,44(1):1-11.
Liu Zhongbao, Gao Bo, Zhang Yuying, et al. Types and distribution of the shale sedimentary facies of the Lower Cambrian in Upper Yangtze area, South China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2017,44(1):1-11.
[7] 董大忠，梁峰，管全中，等.四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气优质储层发育模式及识别评价技术[J].天然气工业，2022,42(8):96-111.
Dong Dazhong, Liang Feng, Guan Quanzhong, et al. Development model and identification evaluation technology of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation quality shale gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2022,42(8):96-111.
[8] 黄金亮，邹才能，李建忠，等.川南下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩气形成条件及资源潜力[J].石油勘探与开发，2012,39(1):69-75.
Huang Jinliang, Zou Caineng, Li Jianzhong, et al. Shale gas generation and potential of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in Southern Sichuan Basin, China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2012,39(1):69-75.
[9] 张君峰，许浩，周志，等.鄂西宜昌地区页岩气成藏地质特征[J].石油学报，2019,40(8):887-899.
Zhang Junfeng, Xu Hao, Zhou Zhi, et al. Geological characteristics of shale gas reservoir in Yichang area, western Hubei[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2019,40(8):887-899.
[10] 江强，朱传庆，邱楠生，等. 川南地区热史及下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩热演化特征[J].天然气地球科学，2015,26(8):1563-1570.
Jiang Qiang, Zhu Chuanqing, Qiu Nansheng, et al. Paleo-heat flow and thermal evolution of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi shale in the southern Sichuan Basin, SW China[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2015,26(8):1563-1570.
[11] 梁兴，张廷山，杨洋，等.滇黔北地区筇竹寺组高演化页岩气储层微观孔隙特征及其控制因素[J].天然气工业，2014,34(2):18-26.
Liang Xing, Zhang Tingshan, Yang Yang, et al. Microscopic pore structure and its controlling factors of overmature shale in the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Fm,northern Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces of China[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2014, 34(2):18-26.
[12] 付小东，陈娅娜，罗冰，等．中上扬子区下寒武统麦地坪组—筇竹寺组烃源岩与含油气系统评价[J].中国石油勘探，2022,27(4):103-120.
Fu Xiaodong, Chen Yana, Luo Bing, et al. Evaluation of source rocks and petroleum system of the Lower Cambrian Maidiping Formation-Qiongzhusi Formation in the Middle-Upper Yangtze region[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2022, 27(4):103-120.
[13] 赵圣贤，夏自强，刘文平，等.四川盆地南部泸203井区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩裂缝特征及形成演化[J].油气地质与采收率，2022, 29(5):28-38.
Zhao Shengxian, Xia Ziqiang, Liu Wenping, et al. Fracture characteristics and evolution of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation shale in Lu203 well area in southern Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency，2022,29(5):28-38.
[14] 柏爱川，吉人，张宇，等.四川盆地页岩油水平井“测定导”一体化技术应用[J].石油科技论坛，2022,41(2):74-84.
Bai Aichuan, Ji Ren, Zhang Yu, et al. Application of “logging-directional drilling-geosteering”integration technology for shale oil horizontal wells in Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2022,41(2):74-84.
[15] 董大忠，高世葵，黄金亮，等.论四川盆地页岩气资源勘探开发前景[J].天然气工业，2014,34(12):1-15.
Dong Dazhong, Gao Shikui, Huang Jinliang, et al. A discussion on the shale gas exploration & development prospect in the Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2014,34(12):1-15.
[16] 杨文杰，谭秀成，李明隆，等．四川盆地威远—高石梯地区中二叠统栖霞组台内薄层白云岩发育特征与成因[J].中国石油勘探，2022, 27(4):75-90.
Yang Wenjie, Tan Xiucheng, Li Minglong, et al. Development characteristics and genesis of thin layered dolomite of the Middle Permian Qixia Formation in the platform in Weiyuan-Gaoshiti area, Sichuan Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2022,27(4):75-90.
[17] 曾义金，陈作，卞晓冰.川东南深层页岩气分段压裂技术的突破与认识[J].天然气工业，2016,36(1):61-67.
Zeng Yijin, Chen Zuo, Bian Xiaobing. Breakthrough in staged fracturing technology for deep shale gas reservoirs in SE Sichuan Basin and its implications[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2016, 36(1):61-67.
[18] 罗胜元，陈孝红，刘安，等.中扬子宜昌地区下寒武统水井沱组页岩现场解吸气特征及地质意义[J].石油学报，2019,40(8):941-955.
Luo Shengyuan, Chen Xiaohong, Liu An, et al. Characteristics and geological significance of canister desorption gas from the Lower Cambrian Shuijingtuo Formation shale in Yichang area, Middle Yangtze region[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2019,40(8):941-955.
[19] Liu S, Yang Y, Deng B, et al. Tectonic evolution of the Sichuan Basin, southwest China[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2021,213:103470.
[20] 范海经，邓虎成，伏美燕，等.四川盆地下寒武统筇竹寺组沉积特征及其对构造的响应[J].沉积学报，2021,39(4):1004-1019.
Fan Haijing, Deng Hucheng, Fu Meiyan, et al. Sedimentary characteristics of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in the Sichuan Basin and its response to construction[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2021,39(4):1004-1019.
[21] 吴陈君，刘新社，文志刚，等.黔北地区牛蹄塘组页岩有机质富集及有机质孔隙发育机制研究[J].地学前缘，2023,30(3):101-109.
Wu Chenjun, Liu Xinshe, Wen Zhigang, et al. Mechanism of organic matter enrichment and organic pore development in the Lower Cambrian Niutitang shales in northern Guizhou[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023,30(3):101-109.
[22] Wang Y, Shen J, Qiu Z, et al. Characteristics and environmental significance of concretions in the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in the Middle-Upper Yangtze region, China[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Geoscience, 2021,6(6):345-361.
[23] 谢武仁，姜华，马石玉，等.四川盆地德阳—安岳裂陷晚震旦世—早寒武世沉积演化特征与有利勘探方向[J].天然气地球科学，2022, 33(8):1240-1250.
Xie Wuren, Jiang Hua, Ma Shiyu, et al. Sedimentary evolution characteristics and favorable exploration directions of Deyang-Anyue rift within the Sichuan Basin in Late Sinian-Early Cambrian[J]. Natura Gas Geoscience, 2022,33(8):1240-1250.
[24] 梁峰，邱峋晰，戴赟，等.四川盆地下志留统龙马溪组页岩纳米孔隙发育特征及主控因素[J].石油实验地质，2020,42(3):451-458.
Liang Feng，Qiu Xunxi, Dai Yun, et al. Characteristics and main controls of nano-pores in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale, Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2020,42(3):451-458.
[25] Liang F, Zhang Q, Cui H, et al. Controlling factors of organic nanopore development: a case study on marine shale in the Middle and Upper Yangtze region, South China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition), 2019,93(4):1047-1059.
[26] 李国祥，张俊明，朱茂炎.滇东肖滩剖面下寒武统梅树村阶岩石地层及生物地层[J].古生物学报，2001,40(增刊1):40-53.
Li Guoxiang，Zhang Junming，Zhu Maoyan. Litho- and biostratigraphy of the Lower Cambrian Meishucunian stage in the Xiaotan section，eastern Yunnan[J]. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica，2001,40(S1):40-53.
[27] Steiner M, Li G, Qian Y, et al. Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian small shelly fossil assemblages and a revised biostratigraphic correlation of the Yangtze Platform (China)[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2007,254 (1-2):67-99.
[28] Steiner M，朱茂炎，Weber B，等.滇东早寒武世筇竹寺期三叶虫生物地层及相关动物群[J].古生物学报，2001,40(增刊1):63-79.
Steiner M, Zhu Maoyan, Weber B, et al. The Lower Cambrian of eastern Yunnan：trilobite-based biostratigraphy and related faunas[J]. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 2001,40(S1):63-79.
[29] 张琴，赵群，罗超，等.有机质石墨化及其对页岩气储层的影响：以四川盆地南部海相页岩为例[J].天然气工业，2022,42(10):25-36.
Zhang Qin, Zhao Qun, Luo Chao, et al. Effect of graphitization of organic matter on shale gas reservoirs: take the marine shales in the southern Sichuan Basin as examples[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2022,42(10):25-36.
[30] 郭彤楼，熊亮，叶素娟，等.输导层（体）非常规天然气勘探理论与实践：四川盆地新类型页岩气与致密砂岩气突破的启示[J].石油勘探与开发，2023,50(1):24-37.
Guo Tonglou, Xiong Liang, Ye Sujuan, et al. Theory and practice of unconventional gas exploration in carrier beds: insight from the breakthrough of new type of shale gas and tight gas in Sichuan Basin, SW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2023,50(1):24-37.
[31] 杨跃明，文龙，罗冰，等.四川盆地乐山—龙女寺古隆起震旦系天然气成藏特征[J].石油勘探与开发，2016,43(2):179-188.
Yang Yueming, Wen Long, Luo Bing, et al. Hydrocarbon accumulation of Sinian natural gas reservoirs, Leshan-Longnüsi paleohigh, Sichuan Basin, SW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2016,43(2):179-188.
[32] 魏国齐，杜金虎，徐春春，等.四川盆地高石梯—磨溪地区震旦系—寒武系大型气藏特征与聚集模式[J].石油学报，2015,36(1):1-12.
Wei Guoqi, Du Jinhu, Xu Chunchun, et al. Characteristics and accumulation modes of large gas reservoirs in Sinian-Cambrian of Gaoshiti-Moxi region,Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2015,36(1):1-12.
[33] 王玉满，董大忠，程相志，等.海相页岩有机质碳化的电性证据及其地质意义：以四川盆地南部地区下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩为例[J].天然气工业，2014,34(8):1-7.
Wang Yuman, Dong Dazhong, Cheng Xiangzhi, et al. Electric property evidences of the carbonification of organic matters in marine shales and its geologic significance: a case of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi shale in southern Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2014,34(8):1-7.