等量代换法确定强非均质性储层孔隙度下限——以四川盆地安岳气田震旦系灯影组为例

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2023.03.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 孔隙度下限（L_φ）是划分有效储层厚度继而使用容积法估算油气藏地质储量的必要参数之一，有效储层需具有产工业油气流的能力，渗透率相比孔隙度与产能的关系更直接，渗透率下限（L_k）划分有效储层比L_φ更准，目前由于技术水平限制，生产上多使用L_φ而非L_k划分有效储层。四川盆地碳酸盐岩储层具有孔隙类型多样、孔喉结构复杂和裂缝发育不均的强非均质性特征。为探索强非均质性储层L_φ的确定方法，以安岳气田震旦系灯影组为例，通过岩心、薄片、扫描电镜和压汞研究储层特征，将储层划分为基质孔型和裂缝型两类，对这两类储层进行同等条件下产能模拟对比实验。结果表明，渗透率下限（L_k）可确定为0.008mD，L_φ为一变量，无论L_φ取哪个值，在使用L_φ划分有效储层时，均会漏掉一部分低孔高渗有效储层，也会多出一部分高孔低渗无效储层，若确定一个L_φ使这两部分储层储集空间体积一致，可在现有技术条件下逼近真实的储集空间总体积。在这种等量代换思想指导下，结合产能模拟，利用200个岩样的物性实验，换算得到安岳气田灯影组孔隙度下限为1.56%。

关键词: 非均质性, 碳酸盐岩, 产能模拟, 孔隙度下限, 渗透率下限, 容积法, 地质储量, 四川盆地

Abstract: The lower limit of porosity (L_φ) is one of the essential parameters determining the effective reservoir thickness and further estimating geological reserves of oil and gas reservoirs by using volumetric method. Effective reservoir refers to that has the ability to produce commercial oil and gas flows. The reservoir permeability has a better correlation with production capacity than porosity, and the lower limit of permeability (L_k) enables to more accurately classify the effective reservoir than L_φ. However, due to the technological limitations in current,L_φ is often used to classify effective reservoirs in practice instead of L_k. The carbonate reservoirs in Sichuan Basin show characteristics of high heterogeneity with diverse pore types, complex pore throat structure and uneven fracture development. In order to identify the determination method of L_φ of highly heterogeneous reservoir, the characteristics of reservoirs in the Sinian Dengying Formation in Aanyue Gasfield are analyzed by using core samples, thin sections, SEM, and mercury injection experiments, and the reservoir is divided into matrix pore type and fractured type. Furthermore, the production capacity simulation comparison experiments on these two types of reservoirs are conducted given the same conditions, which enable to determine L_k to be 0.008 mD. On the other hand, L_φ is a variable, that is, regardless of L_φ value taken in classifying effective reservoirs, a part of effective reservoir with low porosity and high permeability will be ignored, while a part of ineffective reservoir with high porosity and low permeability will be added. If an L_φ value is determined that makes these two parts of reservoir space consistent in volume, the real total volume of reservoir space can be reached by applying the current technologies. Guided by the equivalent substitution concept, and combined with production capacity simulation, as well as physical property results of 200 rock samples, L_φ of Dengying Formation reservoir in Anyue Gasfield is determined to be 1.56%.

中图分类号:

TE112.23

赵春妮, 贾松, 徐诗雨, 林怡, 夏茂龙, 黎洋, 曾乙洋, 杨京, 何开来, 祝怡, 吕朋一, 黄阳, 程钰. 等量代换法确定强非均质性储层孔隙度下限——以四川盆地安岳气田震旦系灯影组为例[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2023, 28(3): 160-166.

Zhao Chunni, Jia Song, Xu Shiyu, Lin Yi, Xia Maolong, Li Yang, Zeng Yiyang, Yang Jing, He Kailai, Zhu Yi, Lv Pengyi, Huang Yang, Cheng Yu. Determination of the lower limit of porosity of highly heterogeneous reservoir by equivalent substitution method: a case study of the Sinian Dengying Formation in Anyue Gasfield in Sichuan Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2023, 28(3): 160-166.

参考文献

[1] 刘成川．应用产能模拟技术确定储层基质孔、渗下限[J]. 天然气工业，2005,25(10):27-29.
Liu Chengchuan. Determining the porosity and permeability lower limits of reservoir matrix by productivity simulation technique[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2005,25(10):27-29.
[2] 李烨，司马立强，闫建平，等．低孔、低渗致密砂岩储层物性下限值的确定：以川中P 地区须二段气藏为例[J]. 天然气工业，2014,34(4):52-56.
Li Ye, Sima Liqiang, Yan Jianping, et al . Determination of petrophysical property cutoffs of tight sandstones gas reservoirs:a case study of T3x2 gas reservoirs in P area in central Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2014,34(4):52-56.
[3] 徐发，时琼，陆克峰，等．非常规致密砂岩储层产能模拟分析：以西湖凹陷Z 构造为例[J]. 中国海上油气，2013,25(2):52-55.
Xu Fa, Shi Qiong，Lu Kefeng，et al . The productivity simulation analysis of unconventional tight sandstone reservoir is based on the Z structure in Xihu Sag[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas，2013,25(2):52-55.
[4] 王亮国，唐立章，邓莉，等．致密储层物性下限研究：以川西新场大邑为例[J]. 钻采工艺，2011,34(6):33-36.
Wang Liangguo, Tang Lizhang, Deng Li, et al . A case study on the lower limit of physical property of tight reservoirs in Dayi，Xinchang，western Sichuan[J]. Drilling & Production Technology, 2011,34(6):33-36.
[5] 安文宏，杨文静，石小虎，等. 致密砂岩储层物性下限求取的一种新方法：产能模拟法[J]. 内蒙古石油化工，2013(23):112-114.
An Wenhong, Yang Wenjing, Shi Xiaohu, et al . A new method on petropgysical lower standard study of tight sandstone effective reservoirs: production simulation test method[J]. Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry, 2013(23):112-114.
[6] 中华人民共和国国土资源部．石油天然气储量估算规范：DZ/T0217—2020[S]．北京: 中国标准出版社，2020.
Ministry of Land and Resources of the People’s Republic of China. Regulation of petroleum reserves estimation: DZ/T 0217—2020[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 2020.
[7] 洪有密．测井原理和综合解释[M]．东营：中国石油大学出版社，2008:176-177.
Hong Youmi. Logging principles and comprehensive interpretation[M]. Dongying: China University of Petroleum Press, 2008:176-177.
[8] 马新华，闫海军，陈京元，等．四川盆地安岳气田震旦系气藏叠合岩溶发育模式与主控因素[J]. 石油与天然气地质，2021,42(6):1281-1291.
Ma Xinhua, Yan Haijun, Chen Jingyuan, et al . Development patterns and constraints of superimposed karst reservoirs in Sinian Dengying Formation，Anyue Gasfield，Sichuan Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology, 2021,42(6):1281-1291.
[9] 文龙，王文之，张健，等．川中高石梯—磨溪地区震旦系灯影组碳酸盐岩岩石类型及分布规律[J]. 岩石学报，2017,33(4):1285-1294.
Wen Long, Wang Wenzhi, Zhang Jian, et al . Classification of Sinian Dengying Formation and sedimentary evolution mechanism of Gaoshiti-Moxi area in central Sichuan Basin[J]．Acta Petrologica Sinica，2017,33(4):1285-1294.
[10] 姚根顺，郝毅，周进高，等．四川盆地震旦系灯影组储层储集空间的形成与演化[J]. 天然气工业，2014,34(3):31-37.
Yao Genshun, Hao Yi, Zhou Jingao, et al . Formation and evolution of reservoir spaces in Sinian Dengying Formation of the Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry，2014,34(3):31-37.
[11] 王修齐，许红，宋家荣，等．高石梯—龙王庙大气田发现与四川盆地震旦—寒武系油气地质特征及成藏[J]. 海洋地质前沿，2016,32(3):24-32.
Wang Xiuqi, Xu Hong, Song Jiarong, et al . Geologic characteristics of the Leshan-Longnvsi paleo-high, Sichuan Basin and their bearing on hydrocarbon accumulation[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2016,32(3):24-32.
[12] 罗冰，杨跃明，罗文军，等．川中古隆起灯影组储层发育控制因素及展布[J]. 石油学报，2015,36(4):416-426.
Luo Bing, Yang Yueming, Luo Wenjun, et al . Controlling factors and distribution of reservoir development in Dengying Formation of paleo-uplift in central Sichuan Basin[J]．Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2015,36(4):416-426.
[13] 王爱，钟大康，党录瑞，等．川东地区震旦系灯影组储层特征及其控制因素[J]. 现代地质，2015,29(6):1398-1408.
Wang Ai, Zhong Dakang, Dang Lurui, et al ．Reservoir characteristics and control factors of Sinian Dengying Formation in the eastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2015,29(6):1398-1408.
[14] Duan Yajun, Xie Jun, Li Baichuan, et al . Lithology identification and reservoir characteristics of the mixed siliciclastic-carbonate rocks of the lower third member of the Shahejie Formation in the south of the Laizhouwan Sag,Bohai Bay Basin, China[J]. Carbonates and Evaporites,2020,35(2):35-55.
[15] Richard J, Sizun J P. Control on carbonate reservoir properties along a shallowing-upward sequence: the middle oxfordian jura inner platform predictive model[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2023,153:396-404.
[16] Erragragui M, Masrour A, Benbaqqal H, et al . Diagenetic evolution and carbonate reservoir quality of the Domerian-Bajocian South-Rifain Ridges, Morocco[J]. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2023:104860.