河套盆地巨厚弱成岩覆盖区地震勘探成像技术应用研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2023.06.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 河套盆地由于快速堆积、欠压实作用等原因，4000～5000m 以上均为弱成岩覆盖，地震资料成像精度受到严重影响。针对巨厚弱成岩引起的勘探难题，开展了基于目的层响应特征的可控震源激发信号设计、基于多信息约束的精细近地表建模及全深度Q值补偿、基于大地坐标的近地表类型分区去噪、基于平面属性的断层解释等技术的应用，资料品质得到了提升。通过相关技术的应用，主要目的层频带拓宽了10Hz左右，断面清楚，断点清晰干脆，能够满足地震解释需求，探明了吉兰泰和巴彦两个油田。通过针对性的采集、处理、解释一体化技术的研究，解决了该区域地震波吸收衰减严重、资料信噪比低、复杂构造区成像精度差、储层难以预测等关键难题，可以指导类似地区的勘探施工。

关键词: 河套盆地, 巨厚弱成岩, 地震勘探成像, 激发信号, 近地表建模, 分区去噪, 断层解释

Abstract: Due to the rapid accumulation and undercompaction in Hetao Basin, the section with a depth shallower than 4000-5000 m is composed of weak diagenetic rocks, which seriously affects the imaging accuracy of seismic data. In view of the exploration difficulties caused by huge-thick weak diagenetic rocks, multiple technologies have been applied in the study area, including the vibroseis excitation signal design based on the response characteristics of the target layer, multi information constrained fine near-surface modeling and full depth Q-value compensation, geodetic coordinates based near-surface zonal denoising, and plane attributes based fault interpretation, effectively improving the data quality. After the application of relevant technologies, the frequency band of the main target layer has been widened by about 10Hz,showing clear fault plane and distinct breakpoint, which meets the needs of seismic interpretation, and supports to discover two oil fields, i.e.,Jilantai and Bayan. By conducting targeted research on seismic acquisition, processing and interpretation integrated technology, key problems have been solved, such as severe absorption and attenuation of seismic waves, low signal-to-noise ratio of data, poor imaging accuracy in complex structural zones, and difficulty in reservoir prediction, which can be used to guide the exploration and construction in similar areas.

中图分类号:

P631.429

崔宏良, 王瑞贞, 王伟, 袁胜辉, 王金宽, 汪关妹, 程展展. 河套盆地巨厚弱成岩覆盖区地震勘探成像技术应用研究[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2023, 28(6): 114-120.

Cui Hongliang, Wang Ruizhen, Wang Wei, Yuan Shenghui, Wang Jinkuan, Wang Guanmei, Cheng Zhanzhan. Application of seismic exploration imaging technology in huge thick weak diagenetic rocks coverage area in Hetao Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2023, 28(6): 114-120.

参考文献

[1] 郭增虎，万照飞，王鹤华，等．河套盆地临河坳陷油气藏特征及勘探方向[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2022,57( 增刊2):185-192．
Guo Zenghu, Wan Zhaofei, Wang Hehua, et al . Oil and gas reservoir characteristics and exploration direction of Linhe Depression in Hetao Basin[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2022,57(S2):185-192.
[2] 张锐锋，何海清，陈树光，等．河套盆地临河坳陷石油地质新认识与重大发现[J]．中国石油勘探，2020,25(6):1-12．
Zhang Ruifeng, He Haiqing, Chen Shuguang, et al . New understandings of petroleum geology and great discovery in the Linhe Depression, Hetao Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020,25(6):1-12.
[3] 付锁堂，付金华，喻建, 等．河套盆地临河坳陷石油地质特征及勘探前景[J]．石油勘探与开发，2018,45(5):749-762．
Fu Suotang, Fu Jinhua, Yu Jian, et al . Petroleum geological features and exploration prospect of Linhe Depression in Hetao Basin, China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018, 45(5):749-762.
[4] 张以明，张锐锋，王少春，等．河套盆地临河坳陷油气勘探重要发现的实践与认识[J]．中国石油勘探，2018,23(5):1-11．
Zhang Yiming, Zhang Ruifeng, Wang Shaochun, et al . Practice and understanding of great discovery in oil and gas exploration in Linhe Depression of Hetao Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2018,23(5):1-11.
[5] 张永谦，滕吉文，王谦身，等．河套盆地及其邻近地域的地壳结构与深层动力学过程[J]．地球物理学进展，2013,28(5):2264-2272．
Zhang Yongqian, Teng Jiwen, Wang Qianshen, et al . Crustal structure and the geodynamic process beneath the Hetao Basin and adjacent areas[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2013,28(5): 2264-2272.
[6] 沈华，何海清，张锐锋，等．河套盆地洼槽区河探1 井风险勘探突破及意义[J]．石油学报，2022,43(9):1213-1222．
Shen Hua, He Haiqing, Zhang Ruifeng, et al . Breakthrough and significance of risk exploration of Well Hetan 1 in the trough area of Hetao Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2022, 43(9):1213-1222.
[7] 郭忠铭，于忠平．河套弧形地堑系构造特征和演化机制及其油气勘探[J]. 石油勘探与开发，1990,17(3):11-20．
Guo Zhongming, Yu Zhongping. Structural characteristics, mechanism of evolution and petroleum prospecting of Hetao graben system[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 1990,17(3):11-20.
[8] 罗丽荣，李剑锋，赵占良，等. 河套盆地临河坳陷新生界油源对比及其勘探意义[J]．中国石油勘探，2019,24(3):323-330．
Luo Lirong, Li Jianfeng, Zhao Zhanliang, et al . Cenozoic oil-source correlation and exploration significance in Linhe Depression, the Hetao Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2019,24(3):323-330.
[9] 门相勇，赵文智，张研，等．河套盆地临河坳陷石油地质特征[J]．天然气工业，2006,26(1):20-22．
Men Xiangyong, Zhao Wenzhi, Zhang Yan, et al. Characteristic of petroleum geology of Linhe Depression in Hetao Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2006,26(1):20-22.
[10] 孙六一，蒲仁海，马占荣，等．河套盆地吉兰泰凹陷烃源岩展布与勘探潜力[J]．地球科学与环境学报，2018,40(5):612-626．
Sun Liuyi, Pu Renhai, Ma Zhanrong, et al . Source rock distribution and exploration prospect of Jilantai Sag in Hetao Basin, China[J]. Journal of Earth Science and Environment, 2018,40(5):612-626.
[11] 赵邦六，董世泰，曾忠，等. 单点地震采集优势与应用[J]. 中国石油勘探，2021,26(2):55-68.
Zhao Bangliu, Dong Shitai, Zeng Zhong, et al . Advantages and application of single-point receiving inseismic acquisition[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021,26(2):55-68.
[12] 赵邦六，董世泰，易维启，等. 中国石油物探技术管理体系创新与实践[J]. 石油科技论坛，2021,40(1):70-82.
Zhao Bangliu, Dong Shitai, Yi Weiqi, et al . Innovation and practice of CNPC geophysical technological management system[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum, 2021, 40(1):70-82.
[13] 倪宇东，王井富，马涛，等．可控震源地震采集技术的进展[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2011,46(3):349-356．
Ni Yudong, Wang Jingfu, Ma Tao, et al . Advances in vibroseis acquisition[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2011, 46(3):349-356.
[14] 徐雷良，张剑，赵国勇．基于阻尼雷克子波的可控震源非线性扫描信号设计方法[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2022,57(3):540-549．
Xu Leiliang, Zhang Jian, Zhao Guoyong. Design technology of nonlinear sweep signal of vibroseis based on damped Ricker wavelet[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2022,57(3):540-549.
[15] 崔宏良，王瑞贞，陈敬国，等．可控震源地震勘探中的数值模拟法应用[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2017,52(2):209-213．
Cui Hongliang, Wang Ruizhen, Chen Jingguo, et al . Application of numerical simulation in vibroseis seismic acquisition[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2017,52(2):209-213.
[16] 骆飞，石双虎，张慕刚，等．可控震源分频同时扫描技术[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2016,51( 增刊1):12-16．
Luo Fei, Shi Shuanghu, Zhang Mugang, et al . Vibroseis frequency-separated simultaneous sweep[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2016,51(S1):12-16.
[17] 胡江涛，王华忠，王兆磊．利用可控震源谐波提高地震数据分辨率[J].石油地球物理勘探，2013,48(6):876-881．
Hu Jiangtao, Wang Huazhong, Wang Zhaolei. Broadband seismic data with vibroseis harmonics[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2013,48(6):876-881.
[18] 管路平，唐权钧．地震信号的高低频成分补偿[J]．石油物探，1990, 29(3):35-45．
Guan Luping, Tang Quanjun. High/low frequency compensation of seismic signal[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 1990,29(3):35-45.
[19] 崔宏良，王瑞贞，宋鑫，等．河套探区近地表冻土层对地震采集的影响分析[C]．中国石油学会物探技术研讨会论文集，2021:29-32．
Cui Hongliang, Wang Ruizhen, Song Xin, et al . Influence of near-surface permafrost on seismic acquisition in Hetao exploration area[C]. Proceedings of Geophysical Prospecting Technology in Chinese Petroleum Society, 2021:29-32.
[20] 凌云．大地吸收衰减分析[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2001,36(1):1-8．
Ling Yun. Attenuation analysis of earth absorption[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2001,36(1):1-8.
[21] 许自龙，宋林，夏洪瑞．一种从低信噪比地震资料中提取信号的方法[J]. 石油地球物理勘探，2021,56(2):242-248．
Xu Zilong, Song Lin, Xia Hongrui. A method of signal extracting in low SNR seismic data[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2021,56(2):242-248.
[22] 高园，张浩，刘静, 等．GeoEast 解释技术在河套新区兴隆构造带精细构造解释与有效储层刻画中的应用[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2022,57( 增刊1):210-214．
Gao Yuan, Zhang Hao, Liu Jing, et al . Application of GeoEast interpretation techniques in fine structure interpretation and effective reservoir characterization of Xinglong tectonic zone in Hetao new area[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2022,57(S1): 210-214.