中国油气田开发实践、挑战与展望

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2024.05.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着国内油气资源劣质化程度加剧、增储上产难度加大、技术要求不断攀升、开发成本持续升高，油气企业保障国家能源安全面临更大的风险和挑战。在此背景下，通过系统梳理了百年来中国油气田开发实践，详细分析新中国成立以来油气储量产量趋势与构成，重新划分了油气田开发阶段。按照陆相、海相、低渗、海洋、页岩油气等角度深入总结了油气田开发理论与技术，聚焦当前油气产业发展面临的勘探开发理论创新难度极大、非常规油气勘探开发技术适应性有待进一步提高、油气开发成本居高不下、资源勘探开发与征地环保矛盾进一步凸显等挑战，提出了相应对策和建议。结合新的发展形势，研究提出了向智能化转型是油气企业发展的根本路径、非常规油气开发将在国内油气开发中占据主要地位、绿色低碳转型是油气企业可持续发展的必然趋势等展望。

关键词: 油气田, 理论, 技术, 地面工程, 开发, 实践, 挑战

Abstract: Oil and gas enterprises face greater risks and challenges in ensuring national energy security associated with the deterioration of domestic oil and gas resources, greater difficulty in increasing reserves and production, continuously higher technical requirements, and constantly increasing development costs. In this context, the development practice of oil and gas fields in China over the past century is systematically reviewed, and the trends and composition of oil and gas reserves and production since the founding of the People’s Republic of China are analyzed in detail, which enable to reclassify the stage of oil and gas field development. Based on resource types of continental, marine, low-permeability, offshore, and shale oil and gas, oil and gas field development theory and technology are deeply summarized. Furthermore, the targeted countermeasures and suggestions are proposed by focusing on the challenges faced by the development of oil and gas industry at present, such as the extremely great difficulty in the innovation of exploration and development theories, demands for further improving the adaptability of unconventional oil and gas exploration and development technologies, high cost of oil and gas development, and the more significant contradiction between resource exploration and development and land lease and environmental protection. Combined with the new development situation, the study proposes that transforming towards intelligence is the fundamental path for the development of oil and gas enterprises, unconventional oil and gas development will occupy a major position in domestic oil and gas development, and green and low-carbon transformation is the inevitable trend for the sustainable development of oil and gas enterprises.

Key words: oil and gas field, theory, technology, surface engineering, development, practice, challenge

中图分类号:

TE122.11

胡文瑞, 张书通, 徐思源, 王雪. 中国油气田开发实践、挑战与展望[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2024, 29(5): 1-11.

Hu Wenrui, Zhang Shutong, Xu Siyuan, Wang Xue. Practice, challenges and prospects of oil and gas field development in China[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2024, 29(5): 1-11.

参考文献

[1] 邹才能，翟光明，张光亚，等. 全球常规—非常规油气形成分布、资源潜力及趋势预测[J].石油勘探与开发，2015,42(1):13-25.
Zou Caineng, Zhai Guangming, Zhang Guangya, et al .Formation, distribution, potential and prediction of global conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon resources [J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(1):13-25.
[2] 自然资源部. 全国石油天然气资源勘查开采通报（2020 年度）[EB/OL]. (2021-09-17)[2024-02-15].http://gi.m.mnr.gov.cn/202109/t20210918_2681270.html.
Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China. National petroleum and natural gas resource exploration and extraction report (2020)[EB/OL]. (2021-09-17)[2024-02-15].http://gi.m.mnr.gov.cn/202109/t20210918_2681270.html.
[3] 支东明，李建忠，杨帆，等. 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系全油气系统地质特征与勘探开发实践[J]. 中国石油勘探，2023,28(4):14-23.
Zhi Dongming, Li Jianzhong, Yang Fan, et al . Geological characteristics and exploration and development practice of the Permian full oil and gas system in Jimsar Sag, Junggar Basin [J].China Petroleum Exploration, 2023,28(4):14-23.
[4] 胡文瑞，魏漪，鲍敬伟. 鄂尔多斯盆地非常规油气开发技术与管理模式[J]. 工程管理科技前沿，2023,42(3):3-12.
Hu Wenrui, Wei Yi, Bao Jingwei. Development technology and manage model of unconventional hydrocarbon resources in Ordos Basin [J]. Frontiers of Science and Technology of Engineering Management, 2023,42(3):3-12.
[5] 邹才能，赵群，丛连铸，等. 中国页岩气开发进展、潜力及前景[J].天然气工业，2021,41(1):1-14.
Zou Caineng, Zhao Qun, Cong Lianzhu, et al . Development progress, potential and prospect of shale gas in China [J].Natural Gas Industry, 2021,41(1):1-14.
[6] 孙焕泉，蔡勋育，胡德高，等. 页岩气立体开发理论技术与实践：以四川盆地涪陵页岩气田为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2023,50(3):573-584.
Sun Huanquan, Cai Xunyu, Hu Degao, et al . Theory,technology and practice of shale gas three-dimensional development: a case study of Fuling shale gas field in Sichuan Basin, SW China [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2023,50(3):573-584.
[7] 赵子充. 思者无域：记陆相生油理论首倡者潘钟祥[J]. 国企管理，2022,8:75-76.
Zhao Zichong. Thinking without boundaries: Pan Zhongxiang,the founder of the theory of oil production from shale [J].China State-owned Enterprise Management, 2022,8:75-76.
[8] 赵贤正，周立宏，蒲秀刚，等. 湖相页岩型页岩油勘探开发理论技术与实践：以渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷古近系孔店组为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2022,49(3):616-626.
Zhao Xianzheng, Zhou Lihong, Pu Xiugang, et al . Theories,technologies and practices of lacustrine shale oil exploration and development: a case study of Paleogene Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2022,49(3):616-626.
[9] 袁士义，雷征东，李军诗，等. 古龙页岩油有效开发关键理论技术问题与对策[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2023,50(3):562-572.
Yuan Shiyi, Lei Zhengdong, Li Junshi, et al . Key theoreticaland technical issues and countermeasures for effective development of Gulong shale oil, Daqing Oilfield, NE China [J].Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2023,50(3):562-572.
[10] 赵文智，沈安江，乔占峰，等. 中国碳酸盐岩沉积储层理论进展与海相大油气田发现[J]. 中国石油勘探，2022,27(4):1-15.
Zhao Wenzhi, Shen Anjiang, Qiao Zhanfeng, et al . Theoretical progress in carbonate reservoir and discovery of large marine oil and gas fields in China [J]. China Petroleum Exploration,2022,27(4):1-15.
[11] 陈建勋. 深层高压碳酸盐岩气藏孔隙结构特征及衰竭开发规律[J]. 特种油气藏，2022,29(5):80-87.
Chen Jianxun. Pore structure characteristics and natural depletion law of deep high-pressure carbonate gas reservoirs [J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2022,29(5):80-87.
[12] 司学强，袁波，郭华军，等. 准噶尔盆地南缘清水河组储集层特征及其主控因素[J]. 新疆石油地质，2020,41(1):38-45.
Si Xueqiang, Yuan Bo, Guo Huajun, et al . Reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation in the southern margin of Junggar Basin [J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2020,41(1):38-45.
[13] 黄小青，何勇，崔欢，等. 昭通示范区太阳气田浅层页岩气立体开发实践与认识[J]. 中国石油勘探，2023,28(2):70-80.
Huang Xiaoqing, He Yong, Cui Huan, et al . Practice and understanding of stereoscopic development of Taiyang Shallow Shale Gas Field in Zhaotong demonstration block [J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2023,28(2):70-80.
[14] 马永生，蔡勋育，云露，等. 塔里木盆地顺北超深层碳酸盐岩油气田勘探开发实践与理论技术进展[J]. 石油勘探与开发，2022,49(1):1-17.
Ma Yongsheng, Cai Xunyu, Yun Lu, et al . Practice and theoretical and technical progress in exploration and development of Shunbei ultra-deep carbonate oil and gasfield, Tarim Basin, NW China [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2022,49(1):1-17.
[15] 赵文智，胡素云，刘伟，等. 再论中国陆上深层海相碳酸盐岩油气地质特征与勘探前景[J]. 天然气工业，2014,34(4):1-9.
Zhao Wenzhi, Hu Suyun, Liu Wei, et al . Petroleum geological features and exploration prospect in deep marine carbonate strata onshore China: a further discussion [J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2014,34(4):1-9.
[16] 周守为，李清平，朱海山，等. 海洋能源勘探开发技术现状与展望[J].中国工程科学，2016,18(2):19-31.
Zhou Shouwei, Li Qingping, Zhu Haishan, et al . The current state and future of offshore energy exploration and development technology [J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2016,18(2):19-31.
[17] 谢玉洪. 中国海油“十三五”油气勘探重大成果与“十四五”前景展望[J]. 中国石油勘，2021,26(1):43-54.
Xie Yuhong. Major achievements in oil and gas exploration of CNOOC in the 13th Five-Year Plan period and prospects in the 14th Five-Year Plan period and prospects in the 14th Five-Year Plan period [J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021,26(1):43-54.
[18] 徐长贵，赖维成，张新涛，等. 中国海油油气勘探新进展与未来勘探思考[J]. 中国海上油气，2023,35(2):1-12.
Xu Changgui, Lai Weicheng, Zhang Xintao, et al . New progress and future exploration thinking of CNOOC oil and gas exploration [J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2023,35(2):1-12.
[19] 李中，谢仁军，吴怡，等. 中国海洋油气钻完井技术的进展与展望[J].天然气工业，2021,41(8):178-185.
Li Zhong, Xie Renjun, Wu Yi, et al . Progress and prospect of CNOOC’s oil and gas well drilling and completion technologies [J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2021,41(8):178-185.
[20] 王哲，曹广胜，白玉杰. 低渗透油藏提高采收率技术现状及展望[J].特种油气藏，2023,30(1):1-13.
Wang Zhe, Cao Guangsheng, Bai Yujie, et al . Development status and prospect of EOR technology in low-permeability reservoirs [J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2023,30(1):1-13.
[21] 王香增，杨红，王伟，等. 延长油田低渗透油藏提高采收率技术进展[J]. 油气地质与采收率，2022,29(4):69-75.
Wang Xiangzeng, Yang Hong, Wang Wei, et al . Technical advancements in enhanced oil recovery in low permeability reservoirs of Yanchang Oilfield [J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency，2022,29(4):69-75.
[22] 江同文，昌伦杰，邓兴梁，等. 断控碳酸盐岩油气藏开发地质认识与评价技术：以塔里木盆地为例[J]. 天然气工业，2021,41(3):1-9.
Jiang Tongwen, Chang Lunjie, Deng Xingliang, et al .Geological understanding and evaluation technology of fault controlled carbonate reservoir development: a case study of the Tarim Basin [J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2021,41(3):1-9.
[23] 李阳，薛兆杰，程喆，等. 中国深层油气勘探开发进展与发展方向[J].中国石油勘探，2020,25(1):45-57.
Li Yang, Xue Zhaojie, Cheng Zhe, et al . Progress and development directions of deep oil and gas exploration and development in China [J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020,25(1):45-57.
[24] 苏义脑，路保平，刘岩生，等. 中国陆上深井超深井钻完井技术现状及攻关建议[J]. 石油钻采工艺，2020,42(5):527-542.
Su Yinao, Lu Baoping, Liu Yansheng, et al . Status and research suggestions on the drilling and completion technologies for onshore deep and ultra deep wells in China [J]. Oil Drilling & Production Technology, 2020,42(5):527-542.
[25] 梁兴，王高成，张介辉，等. 昭通国家级示范区页岩气一体化高效开发模式及实践启示[J]. 中国石油勘探，2017,22(1):29-37.
Liang Xing, Wang Gaocheng, Zhang Jiehui, et al . Highefficiency integrated shale gas development model of Zhaotong National Demonstration Zone and its practical Enlightenment [J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(1):29-37.