川中地区中二叠统茅口组地层水化学特征及成因演化

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2024.06.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 川中地区中二叠统茅口组发育多个大型岩性气藏群，是四川盆地重要的增储上产领域之一。针对川中地区茅口组地层水成因演化不明确、气水分布模式不清晰的问题，综合分析实验测试、钻井、测井、地震解释、生产动态等资料，系统阐明了该区地层水化学特征，厘清了地层水来源及成因演化，并进一步探讨了气水分布特征。研究结果表明：川中地区茅口组地层水均为CaCl₂ 型，总矿化度为38.3～62.0g/L，属盐水—卤水型地层水，Cl^-、Na⁺是主要的阴离子、阳离子；该区茅口组封闭性较好，可能经历过较短暂的大气降水淋滤作用，地层水浓缩变质作用较深，水岩反应较强，储层次生孔隙发育，是油气运聚成藏的有利区；原始地层水为典型的海相成因地层水，除蒸发浓缩作用外，经历了方解石胶结作用、白云石化作用、溶蚀作用等水岩反应，与大气淡水、泥页岩和黏土矿物压释水混合，广泛存在不同程度的阳离子交替吸附作用，其成因演化与储层成岩作用、天然气运聚保存等有较好的对应关系；研究区地层水具有两种分布模式，即孤立缝洞系统驱替残留水和层状储层局部边底水，水体规模、能量有限，气井产水可控。该成果可为加快茅口组天然气勘探开发进程、寻求规模增储上产接替领域提供理论支撑。

关键词: 地层水, 离子组成, 成因与演化, 气水分布, 茅口组, 川中地区

Abstract: There are multiple large-scale lithologic type gas reservoirs in the Middle Permian Maokou Formation in central Sichuan Basin, which is one of the major field for increasing reserves and production in Sichuan Basin. In view of the unclear genesis and evolution of formation water, as well as gas–water distribution pattern in Maokou Formation, a comprehensive study is conducted on experimental tests, well drilling, logging, seismic interpretation, and production performance data, which enables to systematically analyze the chemical characteristics of formation water, identify the origin, genesis and evolution, and further discuss the characteristics of gas–water distribution.The results show that formation water in Maokou Formation in central Sichuan Basin is CaCl₂ type, with a total salinity of 38.3–62.0 g/L, saltwater-brine type, and the main anion and cation of Cl^- and Na⁺. Maokou Formation in this area has good sealing capacity, which may have experienced short-period atmospheric precipitation and leaching. In addition, the formation water experienced high concentration and metamorphism, as well as intensive water-rock reactions, resulting in the development of secondary pores in the reservoir, which was a favorable zone for hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. The original formation water showed typical marine-derived formation water,and underwent water-rock reactions such as calcite cementation, dolomitization, and dissolution in addition to evaporation and concentration. After mixed with atmospheric freshwater, mudstone and clay mineral pressure release water, the common cation exchange adsorption occurred at varying degrees. The genesis and evolution of formation water were well correlated with reservoir diagenesis and natural gas migration, accumulation and preservation. In the study area, formation water has two distribution patterns, namely displacement residual water in the isolated fractured-cavity system and local edge–bottom water in layered reservoirs, with limited scale and energy of water bodies, and the water production is controllable in gas wells. The achievements provide theoretical support for accelerating the process of natural gas exploration and development of Maokou Formation, and seeking for replacement fields for increasing reserves and production on a large scale.

Key words: formation water, ionic composition, genesis and evolution, gas–water distribution, Maokou Formation, central Sichuan Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.113

徐诗雨, 曾乙洋, 林怡, 祝怡, 肖雪薇, 李天军, 山述娇, 马梓珂. 川中地区中二叠统茅口组地层水化学特征及成因演化[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2024, 29(6): 116-129.

Xu Shiyu, Zeng Yiyang, Lin Yi, Zhu Yi, Xiao Xuewei, Li Tianjun, Shan Shujiao, Ma Zike. Chemical characteristics and genesis and evolution of formation water in the Middle Permian Maokou Formation, central Sichuan Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2024, 29(6): 116-129.

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