涪陵页岩气田的发现与勘探认识

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中国石化勘探分公司以南方复杂构造区高演化海相页岩气“二元富集”理论认识为指导，于2012年11月28日发现了中国首个商业性开发、目前探明储量规模最大、平均测试产量最高的页岩气田——涪陵页岩气田，至2015年底气田累计探明储量3805.98×10⁸m³，已完成一期50×10⁸m³年产能建设目标。气田具有源储一体、大面积层状分布、整体含气的特征，是典型的自生自储式页岩气田；属于中深层、高压、优质天然气藏；发育深水陆棚优质页岩、具有良好的顶底板条件、后期构造改造较弱是其富集高产的主控因素。在涪陵页岩气田发现的基础上，结合近年来四川盆地及周缘的勘探实践，进一步分析了南方复杂构造区页岩气富集主控因素，强调了保存条件是影响页岩气富集高产的关键，认为：①盆外地区构造抬升时间、向斜宽度、埋深和断裂是评价页岩气层保存条件的主要参数；②盆缘则需重点评价控盆断裂对页岩气层的影响；③盆内断裂的性质、规模以及高角度裂缝的发育特征是页岩气保存条件评价的关键。涪陵页岩气田的发现对于中国南方复杂构造区页岩气勘探具有以下启示：①页岩气勘探需遵从油气形成的基本规律；②中国南方页岩气具有多个勘探方向，埋深大于4500m的深层、盆外常压区、陆相页岩气是急需探索和攻关的领域；③重视基础、创新思路、发展关键技术是页岩气勘探突破的关键。

关键词: 勘探发现历程；气藏特征；保存条件；勘探启示；五峰组&mdash, 龙马溪组；涪陵页岩气田

Abstract: Fuling shale gas field is the first shale gas field put into commercial development, with the largest proven reserves and the highest average test production in China. It was discovered on November 28, 2012, by Sinopec Exploration Company based on the theory of “binary enrichments” for highly-evolved marine share gas in complex structural areas in southern China. By the end of 2015, its total proven gas reserves were 3805.98×108m3, and the designed production capacity of 50×108m3 in Phase I was achieved. This gas field is characterized by integration of source and reservoir, intensive layered distribution and general gas endowment, It is a typical self-generation and self-storage shale gas field. As a mid-deep, high-pressure, and high-quality natural gas reservoir, it contains high-quality shales in deep-water continental shelf, with fine roof and floor conditions and weaker structural transformation in later stage, which are the major factors controlling shale gas enrichment and high productivity in this area. Based on the discovery of Fuling shale gas field and the exploration practices in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery, the main controlling factors for shale gas enrichment in complex structural areas in southern China were analyzed. The analysis highlighted the preservation condition as the key factor. Conclusions are drawn in three aspects. First, extra-basin tectonic uplifting time, syncline width, burial depth and fracture are the main parameters to evaluate the preservation conditions in shale gas layers. Second, for areas at the basin margins, the evaluation should focus on the effects of basin-controlling faults on shale gas layers. Third, nature and scale of the faults and development features of high-angle fractures in the basin are critical for evaluating the shale gas preservation conditions. From the discovery of Fuling shale gas field, the following enlightenments can be obtained for shale gas exploration in complex structures in southern China. First, shale gas exploration should be conducted depending on the basic laws of oil and gas generation. Second, several shale gas exploration targets exist in southern China, especially the regions deeper than 4500 m, extra-basin normal pressure regions, and continental shale gas areas. Third, basic information, innovative ideas and critical technologies are essential for making breakthroughs in shale gas exploration.

Key words: exploration and discovery history, gas pool features, preservation condition, enlightenment, Wufeng Fm-Longmaxi Fm, Fuling shale gas field

郭旭升, 胡东风, 魏志红, 李宇平, 魏祥峰. 涪陵页岩气田的发现与勘探认识[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2016, 21(3): 24-37.

Guo Xusheng, Hu Dongfeng, Wei Zhihong, Li Yuping, Wei Xiangfeng. Discovery and exploration of Fuling shale gas field[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2016, 21(3): 24-37.

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